Gender Disparities in Mentorship and Career Outcomes in Ophthalmology.

Gender disparities in the field of ophthalmology have been increasingly recognized. Although mentorship has been proposed as a contributing factor, there are limited data on the differences in mentorship experiences by gender among ophthalmologists. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender disparities in mentorship experiences among ophthalmologists, and the impact of mentorship disparities on career outcomes.

Informing care pathways and policies for children and youth with Indigenous perspectives to advance Canada's National Autism Strategy.

In Canada, most services for Autistic people are provided by provincial and territorial governments. However, support for Indigenous Peoples (First Nations, Inuit, and Métis) are under federal responsibility and are outlined by a set of treaties and agreements with the Crown and a few regional governments. This patchwork results in barriers in service access and navigation challenges in many under-resourced communities, including under-diagnosis and potentially life-threatening outcomes.

Multilingual toddlers' vocabulary development in two languages: Comparing bilinguals and trilinguals.

Many children grow up hearing multiple languages, learning words in each. How does the number of languages being learned affect multilinguals' vocabulary development? In a pre-registered study, we compared productive vocabularies of bilingual (n = 170) and trilingual (n = 20) toddlers aged 17-33 months growing up in a bilingual community where both French and English are spoken. We hypothesized that because trilinguals have reduced input in French and English due to time spent hearing their third language, they would have smaller French-English vocabulary sizes than bilinguals.

A single mutation in the mammalian orthoreovirus S1 gene is responsible for increased interferon sensitivity in a virus mutant selected in Vero cells.

In a previous study, a mammalian orthoreovirus mutant was isolated based on its increased ability to infect interferon-defective Vero cells and was referred to as Vero-cells-adapted virus (VeroAV). This virus exhibits reduced ability to resist the antiviral effect of interferon. In the present study, the complete genome sequence of VeroAV was first determined.

Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT) in Postpenetrating Keratoplasty Steroid-induced Glaucoma: A Case Report.

Glaucoma following penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) remains the leading cause of blindness following PKP. Patients with post-PKP glaucoma can be managed medically and surgically. Evidence studying glaucoma surgical techniques following PKP is limited, but suggests the possibility for high-risk complications, including graft failure.

Disinfection of the Goldman applanation tonometer: a systematic review.

Objectives: The Goldmann applanation tonometer is the gold standard for measuring intraocular pressure and a possible vector for the transmission of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to consolidate the evidence pertaining to the disinfection of Goldmann tonometers in an effort to facilitate an informed discussion regarding public policy in this important area.

Design: Systematic review.

First case report of an adrenocortical carcinoma caused by a BRCA2 mutation.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) may rarely be a component of inherited cancer syndromes such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. ACC caused by a BRCA2 mutation has never been reported.

Methods: Nucleotide sequencing of BRCA2 in lymphocyte and tumoral DNA of a 50-year-old male who presented with an androgen-secreting ACC and a strong family history of breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers.

[BETWEEN USAGE AND POLEMIC, AN ARGUMENT IN FAVOUR OF CLARIFYING THE TERMINOLOGY FOR PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS].

Over 30 years ago, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was developed to help couples at risk of transmitting a serious genetic disease to their offspring. Today, the range of medical and non-medical uses of PGD has expanded considerably and some raise much controversy. This is the case, for example, with In-Vitro Fertilization to select embryos as 'saviour siblings' or to screen for susceptibility and predisposition to late onset diseases or conditions of variable penetrance.

Posthumous reproduction with surplus in vitro fertilization embryos: a study exploring users' choices.

Objective: To report results of analysis of in vitro fertilization (IVF) users' choices regarding the potential use of their surplus cryopreserved embryos for posthumous assisted reproduction (PAR).

Design: Examination of signed consent forms.

Setting: Public IVF clinic.

The BRCA2 c.9004G>A (E2002K) [corrected] variant is likely pathogenic and recurs in breast and/or ovarian cancer families of French Canadian descent.

Specific BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations recur in French Canadian breast and/or ovarian cancer families because of common ancestors, facilitating carrier detection in this population. We recently reported a BRCA2 c.9004G>A variant of unknown clinical significance in two French Canadian breast cancer families.

[Development of a tool to analyze the menus provided in early childhood daycare centres].

A review of the literature reveals that there are currently no tools available to analyze the quality of the menus provided in daycare centres. An analysis grid has been developed for this purpose, specifically targeting the food served to preschool children aged 18 months and over. The tool was produced on the basis of findings from recent scientific research.

Disruption of AP1S1, causing a novel neurocutaneous syndrome, perturbs development of the skin and spinal cord.

Adaptor protein (AP) complexes regulate clathrin-coated vesicle assembly, protein cargo sorting, and vesicular trafficking between organelles in eukaryotic cells. Because disruption of the various subunits of the AP complexes is embryonic lethal in the majority of cases, characterization of their function in vivo is still lacking. Here, we describe the first mutation in the human AP1S1 gene, encoding the small subunit sigma1A of the AP-1 complex.

Influenzavirus infection is a primary cause of febrile respiratory illness in HIV-infected adults, despite vaccination.

Background: There are, to our knowledge, no prospective studies of respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. We performed a surveillance study of outpatients who presented with fever and respiratory symptoms to examine the role of viral pathogens in these patients.

Methods: Consecutive patients with a temperature of >38.

Antibiotic use in children is not influenced by the result of rapid antigen detection test for the respiratory syncytial virus.

Background: Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is widely used in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI), but its influence on antibiotic (AB) use is uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate if confirmation of RSV infection by RADT modified AB use and elucidate others factors associated with the continuation of antibiotics.

Study Design: Charts of children hospitalized with viral ARTI aged 0-35 months were reviewed.

An outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection due to human metapneumovirus in a long-term care facility.

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly described paramyxovirus that is mainly associated with bronchiolitis in children. We sought to describe the epidemiological, virological, and histopathological findings associated with a large outbreak of hMPV infection in a long-term care facility.

Methods: An investigation of the outbreak was performed by public health authorities, who used standardized questionnaires to collect relevant clinical information from all residents of the facility.

Infections by human coronavirus-NL in hospitalized children.

Background: A new human coronavirus (HCoV), HCoV-NL, was recently reported for Dutch patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). Little information is available on the incidence, clinical manifestations and epidemiologic features of HCoV-NL infections.

Methods: We performed a prospective study of symptomatic (case subjects with ARTI) and asymptomatic (control subjects undergoing elective surgery) children, View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Analysis of replication kinetics of the human metapneumovirus in different cell lines by real-time PCR.

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with acute respiratory tract disease especially in young children. Using a quantitative real-time TaqMan PCR, we analyzed the replication kinetics of hMPV in different cell lines. Our results indicate that hMPV replicates slightly more efficiently in LLC-MK2 than in Vero cells and poorly in HEp-2 cells.

Multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses.

A multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed with a LightCycler instrument for detection of influenza viruses A and B and the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Detection of each viral product and of an internal control was based on determination of specific melting temperatures by the LightCycler software. The lower limit of detection in the multiplex PCR assay was found to be 50 copies for each viral target.

Comparative evaluation of real-time PCR assays for detection of the human metapneumovirus.

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a new member of the Paramyxoviridae family associated with acute respiratory tract infections in humans. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of real-time RT-PCR assays performed in a LightCycler instrument and designed to amplify the viral nucleoprotein (N), matrix (M), fusion (F), phosphoprotein (P), and polymerase (L) genes. In a first evaluation of 20 viral cultures with characteristics compatible with hMPV cytopathic effect, the PCR positivity rates were 100, 90, 75, 60, and 55% using primers for the N, L, M, P, and F genes.

Human metapneumovirus infections in hospitalized children.

We evaluated the percentage of hospitalizations for acute respiratory tract infections in children < or =3 years of age attributable to human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and other respiratory viruses in a prospective study during winter and spring 2002. We used real-time polymerase chain assays and other conventional diagnostic methods to detect HMPV, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and influenza viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children. HMPV was detected in 12 (6%) of the 208 children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections, HRSV in 118 (57%), and influenza A in 49 (24%).

Glucocorticoids enhance activation of the human type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta5-Delta4 isomerase gene.

Glucocorticoids indirectly alter adrenocortical steroid output through the inhibition of ACTH secretion by the anterior pituitary. However, previous studies suggest that glucocorticoids can directly affect adrenocortical steroid production. Therefore, we have investigated the ability of glucocorticoids to affect transcription of adrenocortical steroid biosynthetic enzymes.

Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: a new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups.

The virological features and clinical findings associated with the new human metapneumovirus (HMPV) were examined retrospectively in Canadian patients hospitalized for various respiratory conditions since 1993. Thirty-eight previously unidentified respiratory viruses isolated from rhesus monkey kindey (LLC-MK2) cells were found to be positive for HMPV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and those strains clustered in 2 phylogenetic groups. Children aged <5 years and elderly subjects aged >65 years represented 35.

Quantification of human herpesvirus 8 by real-time PCR in blood fractions of AIDS patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and multicentric Castleman's disease.

Few studies have assessed human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) viremia levels in different HHV8-related pathologies, using sensitive and reproducible molecular assays. Our objective was to compare the HHV8 DNA load in serial blood samples (collected every 3 months for 1 year) from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). The HHV8 viral load was determined in both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma fractions, using a competitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay developed in a LightCycler instrument (Roche Diagnostics).