Tunable and Compartmentalized Multimaterial Bioprinting for Complex Living Tissue Constructs.

Recapitulating inherent heterogeneity and complex microarchitectures within confined print volumes for developing implantable constructs that could maintain their structure has remained challenging. Here, we present a combinational multimaterial and embedded bioprinting approach to fabricate complex tissue constructs that can be implanted postprinting and retain their three-dimensional (3D) shape . The microfluidics-based single nozzle printhead with computer-controlled pneumatic pressure valves enables laminar flow-based voxelation of up to seven individual bioinks with rapid switching between various bioinks that can solve alignment issues generated during switching multiple nozzles.

Co-chaperones TIMP2 and AHA1 Competitively Regulate Extracellular HSP90:Client MMP2 Activity and Matrix Proteolysis.

The extracellular molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (eHSP90) stabilizes protease client the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), leading to tumor cell invasion. Although co-chaperones are critical modulators of intracellular HSP90:client function, how the eHSP90:MMP2 complex is regulated remains speculative. Here, we report that the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2) is a stress-inducible extracellular co-chaperone that binds to eHSP90, increases eHSP90 binding to ATP, and inhibits its ATPase activity.

Detection and Analysis of Extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90).

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that comprises about 1-3% of the total cellular protein. Over the last decade, Hsp90 has been detected and studied in the extracellular space (extracellular or eHsp90) of normal and neoplastic cells. Once outside the cell, eHsp90 has been shown to interact with extracellular client proteins and promote their stabilization and function.