Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatology: Part I. A comprehensive review.

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) intracellular signaling pathway is utilized by many proinflammatory molecules to mediate downstream effects and activate gene transcription. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway contributes to a number of inflammatory dermatoses. Clinical trials and smaller studies have demonstrated the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of a variety of dermatologic conditions.

Health Care Services Utilization by Transgender Patients in a Medicaid Managed Program.

While challenges related to health care utilization among transgender individuals have been discussed, studies examining health services under Medicaid are limited. A retrospective review was performed on all patients who presented with Gender Dysphoria from 2013-2018 to one Medicaid managed program. Utilization rates of distinct services and interventions were analyzed.

An atypical chondroid syringoma with malignant degeneration: Utility of comparative genomic hybridization in confirming the diagnosis.

Chondroid syringoma (CS) represents the cutaneous counterpart of mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) of salivary glands. Definitive diagnosis is made on histopathology and is based on the presence of characteristic epithelial and stromal components. We report a case of an atypical CS arising on the extremity of an elderly male patient.

Antecedent immunosuppressive therapy for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in the setting of a COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: Finite clinical data and understanding of COVID-19 immunopathology has led to limited, opinion-based recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) receiving immunosuppressive (IS) therapeutics.

Objective: To determine if IS therapeutic type affects COVID-19 risk among patients with IMID.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of Henry Ford Health System patients tested for COVID-19 between February 1 and April 18, 2020, treated with IS medication for IMID.

Probing the Design Rationale of a High-Performing Faujasitic Zeotype Engineered to have Hierarchical Porosity and Moderated Acidity.

Porosity and acidity are influential properties in the rational design of solid-acid catalysts. Probing the physicochemical characteristics of an acidic zeotype framework at the molecular level can provide valuable insights in understanding intrinsic reaction pathways, for affording structure-activity relationships. Herein, we employ a variety of probe-based techniques (including positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), FTIR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy) to demonstrate how a hierarchical design strategy for a faujasitic (FAU) zeotype (synthesized for the first time, via a soft-templating approach, with high phase-purity) can be used to simultaneously modify the porosity and modulate the acidity for an industrially significant catalytic process (Beckmann rearrangement).

Exploring the origins of crystallisation kinetics in hierarchical materials using in situ X-ray diffraction and pair distribution function analysis.

The discovery of novel catalytic materials is predicated on understanding contemporary synthetic processes. With this fundamental knowledge in place it becomes possible to modify the final material with subtle changes to the synthesis process. In this vein, hierarchical materials, formed by the addition of a mesoporogen within the hydrothermal synthesis, have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their catalytic benefits over analogous microporous species.

Behavioral health service utilization: Trends in utilization within a patient-centered medical home for low-income children and women.

Background: Behavioral health (BH) problems frequently present in primary care settings. Despite high intervention needs, the majority of low-income, racially/ethnically diverse children and women do not receive necessary care. The current study examined utilization of BH care among low-income, racially/ethnically diverse pediatric and obstetric patients receiving services in an integrated patient-centered medical home (the Center) compared to patients receiving services in traditional settings.

Integrated Theoretical and Empirical Studies for Probing Substrate-Framework Interactions in Hierarchical Catalysts.

Soft templating with siliceous surfactant is an established protocol for the synthesis of hierarchically porous silicoaluminophosphates (HP SAPOs) with improved mass transport properties. Motivated by the enhanced performance of HP SAPOs in the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to the nylon 6 precursor ϵ-caprolactam, an integrated theoretical and empirical study was carried out to investigate the catalytic potential of the siliceous mesopore network. Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) studies, in particular, provided unique insight into the substrate-framework interactions in HP (Si)AlPOs and allowed reactive species to be studied independent of the catalyst matrix.

Comprehensive Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of Nylon-6 Precursors for Precise Tracking of the Beckmann Rearrangement.

As a key step in nylon-6 synthesis, the Beckmann rearrangement is an ongoing target of catalytic studies that seek to improve the sustainability of polymer manufacture. Whilst solid-acid catalysts (predominantly zeotypes) have proven effective for this transformation, the development of more active and selective systems demands an understanding of fundamental catalytic mechanisms. In this undertaking, in situ and operando characterization techniques can be informative, provided rigorous spectroscopic groundwork is in place.

Hierarchical SAPO-34 Architectures with Tailored Acid Sites using Sustainable Sugar Templates.

In a distinct, bottom-up synthetic methodology, monosaccharides (fructose and glucose) and disaccharides (sucrose) have been used as mesoporogens to template hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts. Detailed materials characterization, which includes solid-state magic angle spinning NMR and probe-based FTIR, reveals that, although the mesopore dimensions are modified by the identity of the sugar template, the desirable acid characteristics of the microporous framework are retained. When the activity of the hierarchical SAPO-34 catalysts was evaluated in the industrially relevant Beckmann rearrangement, under liquid-phase conditions, the enhanced mass-transport properties of sucrose-templated hierarchical SAPO-34 were found to deliver a superior yield of -caprolactam.

Performance of a computer-aided digital dermoscopic image analyzer for melanoma detection in 1,076 pigmented skin lesion biopsies.

Background: Digital dermoscopic image analysis of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs) has become increasingly popular, despite its unclear clinical utility. Unbiased, high-powered studies investigating the efficacy of commercially available systems are limited.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of the FotoFinder Mole-Analyzer in assessing PSLs for cutaneous melanoma.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma complicating hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of the prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment of this dreaded complication.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and debilitating skin disorder characterized by the formation of painful abscesses, draining sinus tracts, and scarring, predominantly in skin folds such as the axillae and the perineum. The exact prevalence of HS is unknown because the disease is often underreported, but it has been estimated to be as high as 4.1%.

The Molecular Design of Active Sites in Nanoporous Materials for Sustainable Catalysis.

At the forefront of global development, the chemical industry is being confronted by a growing demand for products and services, but also the need to provide these in a manner that is sustainable in the long-term. In facing this challenge, the industry is being revolutionised by advances in catalysis that allow chemical transformations to be performed in a more efficient and economical manner. To this end, molecular design, facilitated by detailed theoretical and empirical studies, has played a pivotal role in creating highly-active and selective heterogeneous catalysts.

Risky business: Behaviors associated with indoor tanning in US high school students.

Background: Understanding of associations between indoor tanning and risky health related behaviors such as sexual activity and substance abuse among high school students across the United States is incomplete.

Objective: To identify risky health related behaviors among high school students utilizing indoor tanning and analyze differences between state specific data.

Methods: Results from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 2013 in 14 different states were analyzed.

Examining the Impact of This Is My Brave on Mental Illness Stigma and Willingness to Seek Help: A Pilot Study.

This Is My Brave (TIMB) is a contact-based mental illness stigma reduction program, set in theaters, meant to reduce stigma, increase beliefs about empowerment and recovery, and improve attitudes towards treatment seeking for mental health concerns. The authors conducted the first empirical evaluation of TIMB using a pre-post survey design. Approximately 481 audience members of TIMB performances were invited to complete a survey of stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness, beliefs about recovery and empowerment, and willingness to seek treatment at pre-and post-performance.

Acute-Onset Quadriplegia With Recovery After High-Voltage Electrical Injury.

Although uncommon, electrical injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There have been several reports of neurological sequelae secondary to electrical injury; however, the neurophysiology is still not completely understood. These neurological complications pose the greatest risk for permanent disability.

Mesoporous Silica Scaffolds as Precursor to Drive the Formation of Hierarchical SAPO-34 with Tunable Acid Properties.

Using a distinctive bottom-up approach, a hierarchical silicoaluminophosphate, SAPO-34, has been synthesized using cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) encapsulated within ordered mesoporous silica (MCM-41) that serves as both the silicon source and mesoporogen. The structural and textural properties of the hierarchical SAPO-34 were contrasted against its microporous analogue, and the nature, strength, and accessibility of the Brønsted acid sites were studied using a range of physicochemical characterization tools; notably probe-based FTIR and solid-state magic angle spinning (SS MAS) NMR spectroscopies. Whilst CO was used to study the acid properties of hierarchical SAPO-34, bulkier molecular probes (including pyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine) allowed particular insight into the enhanced accessibility of the acid sites.

A systematic review of satisfaction with teledermatology.

Background The two most commonly used modalities of teledermatology (TD) are store-and-forward (SF) and live-interactive (LI) TD. Existing studies have not compared these tools with respect to patient and provider satisfaction. Objective To systematically review all published studies of patient and provider satisfaction with SF and LI TD.

Graft Infection Masquerading as Rheumatologic Disease: a Rare Case of Aortobifemoral Graft Infection Presenting as Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy.

Background: Prosthetic vascular graft procedures are a common treatment modality for peripheral vascular disease. A relatively common complication is graft infection, occurring at a rate of 0.5-5%.

Design and stabilisation of a high area iron molybdate surface for the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.

The performance of Mo-enriched, bulk ferric molybdate, employed commercially for the industrially important reaction of the selective oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde, is limited by a low surface area, typically 5-8 m(2) g(-1). Recent advances in the understanding of the iron molybdate catalyst have focused on the study of MoOx@Fe2O3 (MoOx shell, Fe2O3 core) systems, where only a few overlayers of Mo are present on the surface. This method of preparing MoOx@Fe2O3 catalysts was shown to support an iron molybdate surface of higher surface area than the industrially-favoured bulk phase.

Treatment effectiveness of a brief behavioral intervention for preschool disruptive behavior.

Parent management training is an evidence-based treatment for disruptive behavior. However, the number of treatment sessions can be high, contributing to high attrition rates. The purpose of this study was to examine post-treatment, 6-month, and 1-year treatment outcomes of the Brief Behavioral Intervention.