CNN-based evaluation of bone density improves diagnostic performance to detect osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with non-contrast chest CT examinations.

Purpose: As osteoporosis is still underdiagnosed by clinicians and radiologists, the aim of the present study was to assess the performance of an Artificial intelligence (AI)-based Convolutional Neuronal Network (CNN)-Algorithm for the detection of low bone density on routine non-contrast chest CT in comparison to clinical reports using DEXA scans as reference.

Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent non-contrast chest CT and DEXA between April 2018 and June 2018 (n = 109, 19 men, mean age: 67.7 years).

Treatment Effect of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin on Chronic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial.

Background: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is characterized by a reduction of free water excretion with consecutive hypotonic hyponatremia and is therefore challenging to treat. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin promotes osmotic diuresis via urinary glucose excretion, likely leading to increased electrolyte free water clearance.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we compared 4-week treatment with empagliflozin 25 mg/d to placebo in outpatients with chronic SIAD-induced hyponatremia.

Neural Correlates of Stepping in Healthy Elderly: Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Activation Reflects Cognitive-Motor Interference Effects.

Gait analysis involving cognitive-motor dual task (DT) is a diagnostic tool in geriatrics. Cognitive-motor interference effects during DT, such as decreased walking speed and increased step-to-step variability, have a high predictive value for fall risk and cognitive decline. Previously we showed the feasibility of DT during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using an MRI-compatible stepping device.

[Vitamin D Level in Employees of a Swiss University Geriatric Hospital].

Vitamin D Level in Employees of a Swiss University Geriatric Hospital Abstract. Vitamin D plays an important role in health. The aim of this study was to determine the vitamin D level in hospital employees from different age, sex and occupational groups.

Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study.

Introduction: In geriatric clinical diagnostics, gait analysis with cognitive-motor dual tasking is used to predict fall risk and cognitive decline. To date, the neural correlates of cognitive-motor dual tasking processes are not fully understood. To investigate these underlying neural mechanisms, we designed an fMRI paradigm to reproduce the gait analysis.

Validity of the German Version of the Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 Test.

Background: The Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance 10 Test (CS-PFP 10) quantitatively assesses physical functional performance in older adults who have a broad range of physical functional ability. This study assessed the validity and reliability of the CS-PFP 10 German version.

Methods: Forward-translations and backtranslations as well as cultural adaptions of the test were conducted.

Ginkgo biloba special extract LI 1370 improves dual-task walking in patients with MCI: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study.

Background: In patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), gait instability, particularly in dual-task situations, has been associated with impaired executive function and an increased fall risk. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) could be an effective mean to improve gait stability.

Aims: This study investigated the effect of GBE on spatio-temporal gait parameters of MCI patients while walking under single and dual-task conditions.

Dizziness and Unstable Gait in Old Age: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Background: Dizziness and unsteady gait are common in the elderly but are too often dismissed as supposedly nonspecific, inevitable accompaniments of normal aging. For many affected persons, the factors leading to dizziness and gait impairment in old age are never identified, yet some of these factors can be specifically detected and treated.

Methods: This review is based on publications (2005-2014) retrieved by a selective search in PubMed on the terms "aging," "dizziness," "elderly," "gait," "gait disorder," "geriatric," "locomotion," and "vertigo.

[Cognition and mobility].

Felix Platter Hospital, University Center for Medicine of Aging, Basel, Switzerland; There is a strong association between cognition and mobility. Older adults with gait deficits have an increased risk of developing cognitive deficits, even dementia. Cognitive deficits, on the other hand, are associated with worsening gait.

Motor cognitive dual tasking: early detection of gait impairment, fall risk and cognitive decline.

Background: Gait and cognition are closely associated. Older adults with gait deficits have an increased risk of developing cognitive deficits and cognitive deficits are associated with worsened gait. Both gait and cognitive impairments are risk factors for falls in older adults.

Innovative diagnostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.

Current state-of-the-art diagnostic measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are invasive (cerebrospinal fluid analysis), expensive (neuroimaging) and time-consuming (neuropsychological assessment) and thus have limited accessibility as frontline screening and diagnostic tools for AD. Thus, there is an increasing need for additional noninvasive and/or cost-effective tools, allowing identification of subjects in the preclinical or early clinical stages of AD who could be suitable for further cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnostics. Implementation of such tests may facilitate early and potentially more effective therapeutic and preventative strategies for AD.

The effect of tooth loss on gait stability of community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: To investigate the effects of tooth loss on gait stability in a healthy elderly population.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among healthy and prosthetically well-restored seniors over the age of 65 years. The test group comprised 24 edentulous participants who were restored with complete dentures in the upper jaw and an overdenture fixed on two implants in the lower jaw.

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: multicountry prevalence and dementia risk.

Objectives: Our objective is to report prevalence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a newly described predementia syndrome characterized by slow gait and cognitive complaints, in multiple countries, and its association with dementia risk.

Methods: Pooled MCR prevalence analysis of individual data from 26,802 adults without dementia and disability aged 60 years and older from 22 cohorts from 17 countries. We also examined risk of incident cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination decline ≥4 points) and dementia associated with MCR in 4,812 individuals without dementia with baseline Mini-Mental State Examination scores ≥25 from 4 prospective cohort studies using Cox models adjusted for potential confounders.

A simple procedure to synchronize concurrent measurements of gait and brain electrical activity and preliminary results from a pilot measurement involving motor-cognitive dual-tasking in healthy older and young volunteers.

Background: The ability to record brain activity under normal walking conditions is the key to studying supraspinal influence on spinal gait control.

New Method: We developed a procedure of synchronizing an electronic walkway (GAITRite, CIR Systems Inc.) with a multi-channel, wireless EEG-system (BrainAmp, Brainproducts).

The effect of three different types of walking aids on spatio-temporal gait parameters in community-dwelling older adults.

Background And Aims: Gait and balance impairments lead to falls and injuries in older people. Walking aids are meant to increase gait safety and prevent falls, yet little is known about how their use alters gait parameters. This study aimed to quantify gait in older adults during walking without and with different walking aids and to compare gait parameters to matched controls.

Association between serum vitamin D status and functional mobility in memory clinic patients aged 65 years and older.

Background: Recent studies have shown that vitamin D status may be relevant for physical and cognitive performance in the older population. This association may be of particular interest to older people at risk for cognitive impairment and functional decline.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status and functional mobility in seniors assessed in a memory clinic.

Quantitative gait disturbances in older adults with cognitive impairments.

Gait is a complex motor task, initiated and governed by different areas of the brain. Studies have shown a clear association between gait and cognition. Impairments in both gait and cognition are prevalent in older adults.

Transfer effects of fall training on balance performance and spatiotemporal gait parameters in healthy community-dwelling older adults: a pilot study.

This study examined transfer effects of fall training on fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I]), balance performance, and spatiotemporal gait characteristics in older adults. Eighteen community-dwelling older adults (ages 65-85) were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. The intervention group completed 12 training sessions (60 min, 6 weeks).

Association between dual task-related decrease in walking speed and real versus imagined Timed Up and Go test performance.

Background And Aims: To examine whether older people with markedly dual task-related decreases in walking speed - a marker of disturbed higher-level gait control and falls - have a larger discrepancy between real and imagined Timed Up and Go (TUG) test times than those with less dual task-related decreases in walking speed.

Methods: Based on a prospective cross-sectional study, 193 older adults (mean age 77.4 ± 5.

Effects of a salsa dance training on balance and strength performance in older adults.

Background: Deficits in static and particularly dynamic postural control and force production have frequently been associated with an increased risk of falling in older adults.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of salsa dancing on measures of static/dynamic postural control and leg extensor power in seniors.

Methods: Twenty-eight healthy older adults were randomly assigned to an intervention group (INT, n = 14, age 71.

Basis for a Swiss perspective on fall prevention in vulnerable older people.

During the 20th century Switzerland, like many other Western countries, experienced significant ageing of the population over the age of 65. As the lifespan of the Swiss population increases, so does the prevalence of falls. A multiplicity of fall prevention programmes are available, but extracting their most effective components remains a challenge.

Simultaneously measuring gait and cognitive performance in cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired older adults: the Basel motor-cognition dual-task paradigm.

Objectives: To investigate dual-task performance of gait and cognition in cognitively healthy and cognitively impaired older adults using a motor-cognition dual-task paradigm.

Design: Cross-sectional retrospective study.

Setting: The Basel Memory Clinic and the Basel Study on the Elderly (Project BASEL).

Effects of muscle fatigue on gait characteristics under single and dual-task conditions in young and older adults.

Background: Muscle fatigue and dual-task walking (e.g., concurrent performance of a cognitive interference (CI) while walking) represent major fall risk factors in young and older adults.

Age-related effects on postural control under multi-task conditions.

Background: Changes in postural sway and gait patterns due to simultaneously performed cognitive (CI) and/or motor interference (MI) tasks have previously been reported and are associated with an increased risk of falling in older adults.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a CI and/or MI task on static and dynamic postural control in young and elderly subjects, and to find out whether there is an association between measures of static and dynamic postural control while concurrently performing the CI and/or MI task.

Methods: A total of 36 healthy young (n = 18; age: 22.