Nicotinamide and pyridoxine stimulate muscle stem cell expansion and enhance regenerative capacity during aging.

Skeletal muscle relies on resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs) for growth and repair. Aging and muscle diseases impair MuSC function, leading to stem cell exhaustion and regenerative decline that contribute to the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In the absence of clinically available nutritional solutions specifically targeting MuSCs, we used a human myogenic progenitor high-content imaging screen of natural molecules from food to identify nicotinamide (NAM) and pyridoxine (PN) as bioactive nutrients that stimulate MuSCs and have a history of safe human use.

Urolithin-A Promotes CD8+ T Cell-mediated Cancer Immunosurveillance via FOXO1 Activation.

Unlabelled: Naïve T cells are key players in cancer immunosurveillance, even though their function declines during tumor progression. Thus, interventions capable of sustaining the quality and function of naïve T cells are needed to improve cancer immunoprevention.In this context, we studied the capacity of Urolithin-A (UroA), a potent mitophagy inducer, to enhance T cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance.

Current state of the art of medical foods.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of the five most prevalent gastrointestinal disease burdens in the US, with an overall health care cost of more than USD 1.7 billion. It commonly requires a lifetime of care, and accounts for more than 700,000 physician visits, 100,000 hospitalizations, and disability in 119,000 patients each year.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Lacto-Wolfberry in a mouse model of experimental colitis.

Aim: To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Lacto-Wolfberry (LWB), both in vitro and using a mouse model of experimental colitis.

Methods: The effects of LWB on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion were assessed in a murine macrophage cell line. in vitro assessment also included characterizing the effects of LWB on the activation of NF-E2 related 2 pathway and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, utilizing reporter cell lines.

Immunomodulatory effects of dietary supplementation with a milk-based wolfberry formulation in healthy elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Wolfberry (fruit of Lycium barbarum) has been prized for many years in China for its immunomodulatory property and its high specific antioxidant content. However, clear clinical evidence demonstrating the effect of wolfberry dietary supplementation is still lacking. After our earlier report showing that a proprietary milk-based wolfberry formulation (Lacto-Wolfberry) enhances in vivo antigen-specific adaptive immune responses in aged mice, the present study aimed at demonstrating the effect of dietary Lacto-Wolfberry supplementation on immune functions in the elderly, especially vaccine response known to decline with aging.

Lactobacillus paracasei reduces intestinal inflammation in adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis.

Studies showed that specific probiotics provide therapeutic benefits in inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro evidence suggested that Lactobacillus paracasei also called ST11 (CNCM I-2116) is a potent strain with immune modulation properties. However, little is known about its capacity to alleviate inflammatory symptoms in vivo In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of ST11 on intestinal inflammation using the adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis.

Tolerance, safety, and effect on the faecal microbiota of an enteral formula supplemented with pre- and probiotics in critically ill children.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the tolerance and safety of an enteral formula containing prebiotics/probiotics, and its effect on the faecal microbiota in critically ill children.

Subjects And Methods: Ninety-four patients between 1 and 3 years old under mechanical ventilation requiring enteral feeding were randomised to receive either a test formula containing a synbiotic blend (composed of 2 probiotic strains [Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 and Bifidobacterium longum NCC 3001], fructooligosaccharides [FOS], inulin, and Acacia gum), or a control formula. Patients remained in the intensive care unit for 7 days and were examined at day 14.

Toward protein biomarkers for allergy: CD4+ T cell proteomics in allergic and nonallergic subjects sampled in and out of pollen season.

Allergy is an immunological disorder of the upper airways, lung, skin, and the gut with a growing prevalence over the last decades in Western countries. Atopy, the genetic predisposition for allergy, is strongly dependent on familial inheritance and environmental factors. These observations call for predictive markers of progression from atopy to allergy, a prerequisite to any active intervention in neonates and children (prophylactic interventions/primary prevention) or in adults (immunomodulatory interventions/secondary prevention).

Influence of gut microbiota on mouse B2 B cell ontogeny and function.

A complex interplay between the microbiota and the host immune system is evidenced to shape the immune system throughout life, but little is known about the microbial effect on key players of the adaptive immune system, the B2 B cells. In the presented study, we have evaluated the effect of commensal bacteria on B cell ontogeny and function, with the focus on B2 B cells of spleen and Peyer's patches. We have compared germ-free mice to mice that are exposed to a normal complex bacterial community from the day of birth and combined classical immunological assessment with advanced genome-wide expression profiling.

Bifidobacterium lactis attenuates onset of inflammation in a murine model of colitis.

Aim: To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis (B. lactis) in an adoptive transfer model of colitis.

Methods: Donor and recipient mice received either B.

Time-resolved quantitative proteome analysis of in vivo intestinal development.

Postnatal intestinal development is a very dynamic process characterized by substantial morphological changes that coincide with functional adaption to the nutritional change from a diet rich in fat (milk) to a diet rich in carbohydrates on from weaning. Time-resolved studies of intestinal development have so far been limited to investigation at the transcription level or to single or few proteins at a time. In the present study, we elucidate proteomic changes of primary intestinal epithelial cells from jejunum during early suckling (1-7 days of age), middle suckling (7-14 days), and weaning period (14-35 days) in mice, using a label-free proteomics approach.

Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-2116 (ST11) inhibits substance P-induced skin inflammation and accelerates skin barrier function recovery in vitro.

Over the past few decades the number of people presenting reactive skin has increased in industrial countries. Skin inflammation mediated by neuropeptides and impaired skin barrier function are both underlying features of reactive skin conditions. Live microorganisms defined as probiotics have been successfully used to improve health status in humans.

Presence of age-associated low-grade inflammation does not worsen the body response to bacterial infection in old male rats.

In the field of frailty, there is an underlying hypothesis that chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to bad outcomes in response to a stressor. The host response to an Escherichia coli infection was assessed in 24 month old male rats exhibiting a chronic low-grade inflammation and in non-inflamed control rats. Mortality, weight loss and sarcopenia were the main outcomes measured.

Probiotics for photoprotection.

Specific strains of probiotic, have been identified as beneficial to influence the composition and/or metabolic activity of the endogenous microbiota and some of these strains have been also shown to inhibit the growth of a wide range of enteropathogens. The first aim of using probiotics has been to improve the composition of the intestinal microbiota from a potentially harmful composition towards a composition that would be beneficial to the host.Beyond their capacity to influence positively the composition of the intestinal microbiota, several lines of evidence suggest that some probiotic bacteria can modulate the immune system both at the local and systemic levels thereby improving immune defense mechanisms and/or downregulate immune disorders such as allergies or intestinal inflammation.

Potentiation of polarized intestinal Caco-2 cell responsiveness to probiotics complexed with secretory IgA.

The precise mechanisms underlying the interaction between intestinal bacteria and the host epithelium lead to multiple consequences that remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Deciphering such events can provide valuable information as to the mode of action of commensal and probiotic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal environment. Potential roles of such microorganisms along the privileged target represented by the mucosal immune system include maturation prior, during and after weaning, and the reduction of inflammatory reactions in pathogenic conditions.

Intake of a milk-based wolfberry formulation enhances the immune response of young-adult and aged mice.

Aging is associated with alterations of immune responses. Wolfberry, a popular Chinese functional ingredient, is prized for its anti-aging properties; however, little is known about the immunological effect of wolfberry intake. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of dietary intake of a milk-based formulation of wolfberry, named Lacto-Wolfberry, on in vivo and ex vivo parameters of adaptive immunity in young-adult and aged mice.

Selection of bifidobacteria based on adhesion and anti-inflammatory capacity in vitro for amelioration of murine colitis.

Adhesion and anti-inflammatory properties of eight strains of bifidobacteria were tested using the intestinal epithelial cell lines Caco-2, T84, and HT29. Two strains were selected for further assessment of their anti-inflammatory capacity in two murine models of colitis. In vivo results confirmed the high anti-inflammatory capacity of a Bifidobacterium bifidum strain.

A diet containing whey protein, free glutamine, and transforming growth factor-beta ameliorates nutritional outcome and intestinal mucositis during repeated chemotherapeutic challenges in rats.

Anticancer chemotherapy often induces side effects such as mucositis. Recent data suggest that a diet, Clinutren Protect (CP), containing whey proteins, glutamine, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-rich casein limits intestinal mucositis and improves recovery after a single methotrexate (MTX) challenge in rats. Chemotherapy consists of alternating periods of treatment and rest.

Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC 1.3724 prevents development of atopic dermatitis in NC/NgaTnd mice possibly by modulating local production of IFN-gamma.

Prevalence of allergies has increased during the last two decades. Alteration of the gut microbiota composition is thought to play a crucial role in development of atopic diseases. Oral administration of probiotics has been reported to treat and/or prevent symptoms of atopic diseases in infants, but the results are still controversial.

Metabolic assessment of gradual development of moderate experimental colitis in IL-10 deficient mice.

Evidence has linked genetic predisposition and environmental exposures to the worldwide pandemic of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but underlying biochemical events remain largely undefined. Here, we studied the gradual development of colitis in Interleukin 10 deficient mice using a combination of (i) histopathological analysis of intestinal sections, (ii) metabolic profiling of blood plasma, and (iii) measurement of plasma inflammatory biomarkers. Data integration using chemometric tools, including Independent Component Analysis, provided a new strategy for measuring and mapping the metabolic effects associated with the development of intestinal inflammation at the age of 1, 8, 16, and 24 weeks.

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 on antigen-specific T-cell mediated immune responses in aged mice.

Aging is associated with a reduced capacity to mount proper immune responses, in particular to vaccines. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria may improve the immune status of the elderly; however, there is little evidence showing an effect of these bacteria on humoral and cellular immune responses. In the present study, the immunomodulatory capacity of the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 combined or not with a prebiotic composition, FOS/inulin, was examined in aged mice.

Supplementation with oral probiotic bacteria protects human cutaneous immune homeostasis after UV exposure-double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial.

There is now strong evidence that probiotic bacteria can regulate inflammatory immune responses. Here, we analyzed whether oral supplementation with the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus johnsonii (La1) could interfere with skin immune status following UV exposure. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted with 54 healthy volunteers receiving either La1 or placebo, during six weeks prior to solar-simulated UV irradiation.

Prophylactic effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) during the weaning period on atopic dermatitis in NC/NgaTnd mice.

Bacterial exposure in infancy may be one of the determinants of atopic dermatitis (AD) morbidity in later life. Some clinical studies have shown that an intake of probiotics reduced the risks of AD in children; however, the timing and duration of administration for the prevention of AD still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on AD development of the administration of Lactobacillus johnsonii NC553 (La1) during the weaning period, using an animal model of human AD, NC/NgaTnd mice.