Exploring Kernberg's Model of Personality Functioning as a Moderator of Traits: Focus on DSM-5's Section III Alternative Model of Personality Disorder.

A current trend emphasizes simplified models of traits and personality functioning that would reduce individuals to as few as five potential traits and one dimension of personality functioning. However, the evidence behind those models is based on linear methods of analysis that authors from Cattell to Kernberg (2016) believe do not capture the potential moderating interaction effects of personality. Using models of traits and functioning from the DSM-5, this study demonstrates not only that traits and functioning interact, but that they do so in a rich and meaningful way that points up the dangers of collapsing these concepts.

The benefits of early care and education for child welfare-involved children: Perspectives from the field.

Increasing access to early care and education (ECE) for children in the child welfare system (CWS) remains a critical issue in the United States, as the numbers of young children entering this system steadily increases. Mounting evidence suggests that participation in at least some types of ECE can mitigate the need for child welfare supervision. Moreover, ECE participation has been linked to positive developmental and school readiness outcomes, lower rates of foster placement, and greater placement stability for children in the CWS.

Association Between Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use, and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Perinatally HIV-Exposed Youth.

As youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection age, there is a need for studies that identify predictors and correlates of sexual risk behaviors. We examined the association between psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders (SUD) with sexual risk behaviors in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. Participants were recruited from four medical centers in New York City.

Psychiatric Disorders, Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Viremia in a Cohort of Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background: Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV+) adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at risk for suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and mental health and substance use problems that, in HIV-infected adults, predict nonadherence. Studies on the relationship between psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUD) and adherence among PHIV+ AYA are limited, but may be important for informing evidence-based interventions to promote adherence.

Methods: Data were analyzed from 3 annual follow-up interviews (FU2-FU4, N = 179) in a longitudinal study of PHIV+ AYA.

Sexual assault incidents among college undergraduates: Prevalence and factors associated with risk.

Sexual assault on college campuses is a public health issue. However varying research methodologies (e.g.

Use of Unannounced Telephone Pill Counts to Measure Medication Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With Perinatal HIV Infection.

Objective: To examine unannounced telephone pill counts as a measure of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents and young adults living with perinatal HIV infection.

Methods: Participants were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal study to complete four monthly, unannounced telephone pill counts. Detailed notes concerning participants' medication habits surrounding adherence were recorded.

DECOY: Documenting Experiences with Cigarettes and Other Tobacco in Young Adults.

Objectives: We examined psychographic characteristics associated with tobacco use among Project DECOY participants.

Methods: Project DECOY is a 2-year longitudinal mixed-methods study examining risk for tobacco use among 3418 young adults across 7 Georgia colleges/universities. Baseline measures included sociodemographics, tobacco use, and psychographics using the Values, Attitudes, and Lifestyle Scale.

Text messaging to improve resident knowledge: a randomized controlled trial.

Background And Objectives: Advances in technology present opportunities to develop and test innovative teaching methods. We sought to evaluate whether text messaging could improve medical resident knowledge in musculoskeletal medicine.

Methods: Eleven U.

Severe hyponatremia and MRI point to diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in the Southwest USA.

A 21-year-old woman presented to the hospital with 3 days of headache, fever, mood disturbance and nausea. She had recently emigrated from India, and was noted to have a positive screening purified protein derivative tuberculosis skin test with normal chest x-ray. Meningeal signs were noted prompting lumbar puncture and initiation of presumptive treatment for bacterial meningitis.