[Clinical reasoning and simulation: facilitating hypothesis prioritization using simulated patients. Data from quantitative research].

Background: Prioritizing diagnostic hypotheses can be difficult for novice medical students given their limited clinical exposure. Simulated clinical reasoning (CR) clinics allow students to practice focused histories with a simulated patient (SP). The delivery of clinical data by SPs can influence hypothesis generation.

Breath acetone predicts plasma ketone bodies in children with epilepsy on a ketogenic diet.

Objective: The high-fat ketogenic diet has long been used to treat refractory childhood seizures, but whether there is a relation between the degree of ketosis and effectiveness of seizure control remains unclear. Frequent measurements of plasma ketones are difficult in children so the goal was to determine the utility of breath acetone as a marker of systemic ketosis and seizure control in children given the ketogenic diet because of seizures refractory to medication.

Methods: In experiment I, breath acetone and plasma ketones were assessed every 2 h during an 8-h test day in seven children.

Genetic analysis and complete primary structure of microcin L.

Escherichia coli LR05, in addition to producing MccB17, J25, and D93, secretes microcin L, a newly discovered microcin that exhibits strong antibacterial activity against related Enterobacteriaceae, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Microcin L was purified using a two-step procedure including solid-phase extraction and reverse-phase C(18) high-performance liquid chromatography. A 4,901-bp region of the DNA plasmid of E.

H(2)O(2), which causes macrophage-related stress, triggers induction of expression of virulence-associated plasmid determinants in Rhodococcus equi.

The response of the intracellular pathogen Rhodococcus equi to H(2)O(2) treatment, a situation potentially encountered after the oxidative burst of alveolar macrophages, was analyzed. Compared to other bacteria, including Deinococcus radiodurans, R. equi showed exceptionally high resistance to this stress.