Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment.

Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT.

Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by YY1 in Cancer: Therapeutic Efficacy of Targeting YY1.

During the last decade, we have witnessed several milestones in the treatment of various resistant cancers including immunotherapeutic strategies that have proven to be superior to conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy and radiation. This approach utilizes the host's immune response, which is triggered by cancer cells expressing tumor-associated antigens or neoantigens. The responsive immune cytotoxic CD8 T cells specifically target and kill tumor cells, leading to tumor regression and prolongation of survival in some cancers; however, some cancers may exhibit resistance due to the inactivation of anti-tumor CD8 T cells.