Genetic Counseling for Diabetes Mellitus.

Most diabetes is polygenic in etiology, with (type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or without (type 2 diabetes, T2DM) an autoimmune basis. Genetic counseling for diabetes generally focuses on providing empiric risk information based on family history and/or the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on pregnancy outcome. An estimated one to five percent of diabetes is monogenic in nature, e.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor targeting the incretin system to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Areas Covered: This review focuses on the pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and use of oral vildagliptin in special populations. Clinical efficacy and vildagliptin's role in the spectrum of therapeutics available are briefly addressed.

An insight into the recent diabetes trials: what is the best approach to prevent macrovascular and microvascular complications?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90%-95% of all diabetes cases. The overarching goal in caring for patients with T2DM is to prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications with glycemic control. Several studies such as UKPDS, DCCT, and EDIC have been performed to evaluate the effects of glucose control on tissue complications in patients with diabetes.

Primary thyroid lymphoma: a clinical review.

Context: Although primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare cause of both thyroid malignancy and extranodal lymphoma, awareness of this disease is important in order to achieve an early diagnosis and implement treatment. We review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare disorder.

Evidence Acquisition: This review is based on a search of PubMed and MDConsult for English language articles containing the term "primary thyroid lymphoma.

A review of the efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs.

Introduction: Additional oral antidiabetic agents to metformin, sulfonylureas (SU) and thiazolidinediones (TZD) are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Areas Covered: The efficacy and safety of metformin, SUs, TZDs, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, meglitinide analogs, α-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), bile-acid sequestrants (BAS) and bromocriptine will be reviewed.

Expert Opinion: Several new oral agents have been approved for type 2 diabetes management in recent years.

Combination of glibenclamide-metformin HCl for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Combination of glibenclamide (glyburide in the U.S.) and metformin hydrochloride simultaneously addresses two different but complimentary mechanisms to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Screening for thyroid disease: defining high-risk populations.

The pros and cons of population screening for thyroid disease have been hotly debated over the past several decades. This article addresses the issue from the point of view of the potential benefit of screening, that is, disease detection. Earlier diagnoses of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer and so on, with implementation of the indicated diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, avoid the adverse consequences of unrecognized and untreated progressive disease.