Effect of switching to tenofovir with emtricitabine in patients with chronic hepatitis B failing to respond to an adefovir-containing regimen.

Background: In patients with chronic hepatitis B, long-term use of lamivudine is limited by resistance mutations. Adefovir dipivoxil has a very low rate of resistance, but there have been recent reports describing resistance mutations. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine show potent activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus.

Management of chronic hepatitis C virus in patients with HIV.

The life expectancy of HIV seropositive persons is approaching the life expectancy of those who are uninfected with HIV. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as a worldwide epidemic. Given the similar transmission route between HCV and HIV, there has been an explosion in the number of individuals infected with both viruses.