The effect of intravenous hydromorphone alone or in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) hydromorphone alone or in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover study.

Animals: A group of seven healthy, ophthalmologically normal, adult Beagle dogs.

Quantifying refractive error in companion dogs with and without nuclear sclerosis: 229 eyes from 118 dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between nuclear sclerosis (NS) and refractive error in companion dogs.

Animals Studied: One hundred and eighteen companion dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were examined and found to be free of significant ocular abnormalities aside from NS.

Relative ability of aqueous humor from dogs with and without primary angle-closure glaucoma and ADAMTS10 open-angle glaucoma to catalyze or inhibit collagenolysis.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the ability of aqueous humor (AH) from dogs with primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG), companion dogs without overt evidence of CPACG, and Beagles with and without ADAMTS10 open-angle glaucoma (ADAMTS10-OAG) to catalyze or inhibit collagenolysis.

Animals Studied: Seventeen normal pet dogs, 27 dogs with CPACG, 19 Beagles with ADAMTS10-OAG, and 4 unaffected Beagles.

Procedures: A fluorescein-based substrate degradation assay was used to assess AH proteolytic capacity.

Retrospective evaluation of canine primary, multicentric, and metastatic intraocular neoplasia.

Objective: To provide an updated characterization of the prevalence of primary, multicentric, and metastatic intraocular tumors in the canine patient.

Procedures: Medical records databases from 4 veterinary referral hospitals were reviewed from 1999 to present to identify dogs with a diagnosis of intraocular neoplasia histopathologically confirmed following enucleation or necropsy.

Results: One hundred seventy-two dogs with 173 intraocular neoplasms met the inclusion criteria.

Comparative effects of latanoprost and latanoprostene bunod on intraocular pressure and pupil size in ophthalmologically normal Beagle dogs.

Objective: To compare effects of latanoprost, a topical prostaglandin analogue (PGA) commonly used to treat glaucoma and lens instability in dogs, and latanoprostene bunod, a novel PGA with a nitric oxide-donating moiety, on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD).

Animals Studied: Ten ophthalmologically normal Beagle dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were treated twice a day for 5 days in a randomly selected eye with either latanoprost or latanoprostene bunod.

Patterns of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results for dogs with retrobulbar abscesses: 133 cases (2002-2019).

Objective: To evaluate patterns of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test results for dogs with retrobulbar abscesses and generate recommendations for empirical antimicrobial selection.

Animals: 133 dogs examined between 2002 and 2019.

Procedures: Records were retrospectively reviewed to determine type of bacterial culture, number and type of bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility test results, concurrent and recent antimicrobial exposure, effect of culture results on antimicrobial regimen, and outcome.

Unilateral eosinophilic cellulitis leading to implant extrusion after bilateral enucleation in a dog.

A mixed breed dog underwent bilateral enucleation with orbital implant placement for secondary glaucoma. Subsequent unilateral implant extrusion occurred. An orbital mass histologically consistent with eosinophilic cellulitis was discovered.

Evaluation of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in aqueous humor of dogs with versus without naturally occurring primary angle-closure glaucoma.

Objective: To compare concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in aqueous humor from ophthalmologically normal dogs and dogs with naturally occurring primary angle-closure glaucoma (cPACG).

Sample: Aqueous humor samples from 12 eyes with cPACG and 18 ophthalmologically normal eyes of dogs.

Procedures: A multiplex fluorescence-based ELISA was used to measure concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4.

Duration of Mydriasis Produced by 0.5% and 1% Tropicamide in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Ophthalmic examination (OE) is a common part of preclinical studies. Pupillary dilation to facilitate OE may affect results of other planned testing. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of mydriasis produced by commercially available 0.

Outcomes Following Transcorneal Diode Laser Ablation of Uveal Cysts: 48 Horses (2006-2020).

Uveal cysts can lead to undesirable behaviors and poor performance in horses. Transcorneal laser ablation has been proposed as a safe and effective treatment for uveal cysts suspected of causing behavioral changes but outcomes have been reported in only a small number of horses. In this retrospective study, records were identified for horses who had undergone transcorneal cyst ablation using a diode laser.

Iatrogenic ocular trauma associated with infraorbital block performed for rhinoscopy in a cat: case report and preliminary imaging findings.

Objectives: This paper describes a case of endophthalmitis in a feline patient caused by globe penetration during an infraorbital block performed to provide analgesia during rhinoscopy, and presents additional imaging and dissection data demonstrating risk of iatrogenic ocular trauma during infraorbital blocks in cats when the infraorbital canal is entered.

Methods: Case records and accompanying histopathologic reports were reviewed for the feline patient. Separately, two feline cadavers were imaged using CT following placement of 5/8" 25 G needles or 1" 22 G over the needle catheters in the infraorbital canal.

Evaluation of cytology and histopathology for the diagnosis of feline orbital neoplasia: 81 cases (2004-2019) and review of the literature.

Objective: To provide an updated overview of feline orbital neoplasia, to compare diagnostic utility of cytology and histopathology, and to evaluate minimally invasive sampling modalities.

Procedures: A medical records search was performed to identify cats with orbital neoplasia. Data were collected regarding signalment, diagnosis, vision status, imaging modalities, and sample collection methods.

Evaluation of cytology and histopathology for the diagnosis of canine orbital neoplasia: 112 cases (2004-2019) and review of the literature.

Objective: To provide an updated overview of canine orbital neoplasia, to compare diagnostic utility of cytology and histopathology, and to evaluate alternative sampling modalities, particularly image-guided core needle biopsy.

Procedures: A medical records search was performed to identify dogs with orbital neoplasia. Data were collected regarding signalment, diagnosis, vision status, imaging modalities, and sample collection methods.

Use of cyanoacrylate adhesive in the surgical management of feline corneal sequestrum: 16 cases (2011-2018).

Objective: To evaluate the use of cyanoacrylate adhesive as an adjunct to lamellar keratectomy in cats with corneal sequestrum.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed to identify cats with naturally occurring midstromal corneal sequestra treated with lamellar keratectomy and cyanoacrylate adhesive. All cats also had a bandage contact lens placed for postoperative comfort.

Western blot patterns of serum autoantibodies against optic nerve antigens in dogs with goniodysgenesis-related glaucoma.

Objective: To investigate whether differences existed between clinically normal dogs and dogs with goniodysgenesis-related glaucoma (GDRG) in serum autoantibodies against optic nerve antigens.

Animals: 16 dogs with GDRG, 17 healthy dogs with unremarkable pectinate ligament and iridocorneal angle morphology, and 13 euthanized dogs with no major ocular abnormalities or underlying diseases.

Procedures: Western blotting was performed with optic nerve extracts from the euthanized dogs as an antigen source and serum from clinically normal dogs and dogs with GDRG as a primary antibody (autoantibody) source.

Glaucoma associated with uveal cysts and goniodysgenesis in American Bulldogs: a case series.

We present a series of three American Bulldogs with clinical signs of glaucoma and intraocular inflammation accompanied by bilateral uveal cysts and abnormal gonioscopic findings. All dogs proved refractory to medical management and were enucleated. Histopathologic findings were similar in all three and included significant preiridal fibrovascular membranes and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the anterior uvea.

Reactive histiocytosis of the orbit and posterior segment in a dog.

We present a case of reactive histiocytic disease involving the orbit, optic nerve, retina, and choroid in a Border Collie dog initially presenting for vision loss. Long-term partial return of vision has been achieved with systemic immunosuppression. Anterior segment and ocular surface manifestations of reactive histiocytic disease in dogs are relatively common.

Uveitis associated with septic peritonitis in a cat.

Objective: To report a case of bilateral uveitis believed to be a consequence of septic peritonitis in a 19-month-old cat.

Case Summary: Bilateral anterior uveitis with suspicion of extension to the posterior segment was documented in a previously healthy young cat during hospitalization for severe septic peritonitis. Based on medical history and other findings uveitis was believed to result from concurrent abdominal sepsis, due either to metastatic seeding of bacterial organisms or to effects of bacterial toxins and inflammatory mediators on the blood-aqueous barrier.

360-degree conjunctival grafting for management of diffuse keratomalacia in a dog.

We present a report describing use of a 360-degree conjunctival graft for management of progressive keratomalacia refractory to medical treatment in a 5-month-old American Cocker Spaniel. In the dog of this report, the extension of melting to nearly the entire corneal surface limited surgical options. Following surgery and later resection of the graft, the patient is visual with minimal corneal opacity.