Predictions of neonatal porcine bridging vein rupture and extra-axial hemorrhage during rapid head rotations.

When the head is rotated rapidly, the movement of the brain lags that of the skull. Intracranial contents between the brain and skull include meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral vasculature. Among the cerebral vasculature in this space are the parasagittal bridging veins (BVs), which drain blood from the brain into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), which is housed within the falx cerebri, adhered to the inner surface of the skull.

Measurement and Finite Element Model Validation of Immature Porcine Brain-Skull Displacement during Rapid Sagittal Head Rotations.

Computational models are valuable tools for studying tissue-level mechanisms of traumatic brain injury, but to produce more accurate estimates of tissue deformation, these models must be validated against experimental data. In this study, we present measurements of brain-skull displacement in the neonatal piglet head ( = 3) at the sagittal midline during six rapid non-impact rotations (two rotations per specimen) with peak angular velocities averaging 51.7 ± 1.

Risk of concussion due to head acceleration in rear impact sled tests of passenger automobile seats.

Objective: Acceleration-based injury metrics can be useful for quantitatively evaluating risk of concussion (a form of mild traumatic brain injury, or mTBI) after automobile collisions, especially when objective medical findings may be negative, as in many cases of concussion. In the present study, head acceleration data were used to evaluate the risk of concussion or more serious head injury to the driver of an automobile that experiences a rear impact resulting in a forward change in velocity (delta-V) of 15.5 km/h (9.

Failure and Fatigue Properties of Immature Human and Porcine Parasagittal Bridging Veins.

Tearing of the parasagittal bridging veins (BVs) is thought to be a source of extra-axial hemorrhage (EAH) associated with abusive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children. However, the pediatric BV mechanical properties are unknown. We subjected porcine adult, porcine newborn, and human infant BVs to either a low rate pull to failure, a high rate pull to failure, or 30 s of cyclic loading followed by a pull to failure.

Repeated Loading Behavior of Pediatric Porcine Common Carotid Arteries.

Rapid flexion and extension of the neck may occur during scenarios associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and understanding the mechanical response of the common carotid artery (CCA) to longitudinal stretch may enhance understanding of contributing factors that may influence CCA vasospasm and exacerbate ischemic injury associated with TBI. Immature (4-week-old) porcine CCAs were tested under subcatastrophic (1.5 peak stretch ratio) cyclic loading at 3 Hz for 30 s.