Pharmacokinetics of oral clonazepam in growing commercial pigs (Sus scrofa domestica).

Clonazepam causes sedation and psychomotor impairment in people. Due to similarities between people and swine in response to benzodiazepines, clonazepam may represent a viable option to produce mild-to-moderate tranquillization in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose (0.

Evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant compared with robenacoxib in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority clinical trial.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of grapiprant with those of robenacoxib in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH).

Methods: In total, 37 female cats (age range 4 months-10 years, weighing ⩾2.5 kg) were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, masked, non-inferiority (NI) clinical trial.

Delayed Urethral Obstruction after Migration of a Ballistic Pellet in an Alpine Wether.

A one-year-old alpine wether was presented for emergency evaluation of stranguria. Diagnostics identified a moderately distended bladder and mild dehydration. Preliminary lateral radiographs identified two metallic structures consistent with projectile pellets in the pelvic and perineal regions and no evidence of radiopaque uroliths.

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular maropitant in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus).

Pigs are at risk of vomiting from medical conditions as well as the emetic side effects of drugs administered for peri-operative manipulations, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-emetic therapies, such as maropitant, in this species. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for maropitant in pigs after a single intramuscular (IM) administration dosed at 1.0 mg/kg.

Evaluation of the perioperative analgesic effects of grapiprant compared with carprofen in dogs undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To evaluate and compare postoperative analgesic effects of grapiprant and carprofen in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Animals: 42 sexually intact female healthy dogs (< 35 kg and 0.5 to 7 years old) were enrolled.

Effects of intravenous acepromazine and butorphanol on propofol dosage for induction of anesthesia in healthy Beagle dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) premedication with acepromazine, butorphanol or their combination, on the propofol anesthetic induction dosage in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, blinded, Latin square design.

Animals: A total of three male and three female, healthy Beagle dogs, aged 3.

Arterial oxygenation in anesthetized horses placed in a 5-degree reverse Trendelenburg position.

Low arterial oxygen is a common complication in anesthetized horses and placing the animal in reverse Trendelenburg (RT) position may treat hypoxemia. The objective of this study was to assess the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO) in horses placed in a 5-degree RT compared to horizontal (H) position. Client-owned healthy horses (n = 60) undergoing elective surgeries were enrolled in a randomized controlled clinical study.

Comparison of the effects on lameness of orally administered acetaminophen-codeine and carprofen in dogs with experimentally induced synovitis.

Objective: To compare the ability of acetaminophen-codeine (AC; 15.5 to 18.5 mg/kg and 1.

Resistin concentrations in serum and stifle synovial fluid from normal and cruciate deficient dogs with osteoarthritis.

Objective: To compare synovial fluid (SF) resistin concentrations in healthy dogs to dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) injury and to correlate resistin concentrations with body condition score (BCS) and evaluate resistin release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and adipocytes.

Study Design: Controlled, prospective, clinical study ANIMALS: Thirty-nine client-owned dogs, 13 healthy and 26 with secondary OA, were enrolled. Blood was collected from six healthy purpose-bred dogs for PBMC culture.

Elevated Synovial Fluid Concentration of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in Dogs with Osteoarthritis of the Stifle.

Chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) have been shown to cause monocyte and natural killer cell chemotaxis and polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis, respectively. Additionally, MCP-1 signalling has been implicated in modulating pain. Elevated synovial fluid concentrations of MCP-1 and IL-8 have been demonstrated in humans with osteoarthritis, but currently there are no studies evaluating synovial MCP-1 or IL-8 concentrations in dogs.

Comparison of two inhibitors of E-type prostanoid receptor four and carprofen in dogs with experimentally induced acute synovitis.

Objective: To investigate the ability of a proprietary antagonist of E-type prostanoid receptor (EP) 4, grapiprant, and carprofen to attenuate lameness attributable to urate-induced synovitis in dogs.

Animals: 5 purpose-bred hound-cross dogs.

Procedures: A blinded, 3-way crossover study was performed.

Correlation of serum and synovial leptin concentrations with body condition scores in healthy and osteoarthritic dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum and synovial fluid (SF) leptin concentrations and body condition score (BCS) in healthy and osteoarthritic dogs.

Study Design: Controlled, prospective, clinical study.

Animals: Nineteen healthy dogs and 29 dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to cranial cruciate ligament injury.

Lack of effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of pain and joint dysfunction in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness of tramadol for treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. DESIGN Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled crossover study. ANIMALS 40 dogs with clinical osteoarthritis of the elbow or stifle joint.

Synovial membrane receptors as therapeutic targets: A review of receptor localization, structure, and function.

Joint pathology and degeneration is a significant cause of pain. The synovial membrane plays an important role in maintenance of the joint, contributes to the pathology of many arthropathies and may be adversely affected in joint disease. Improving knowledge of the receptors present within the synovium will aid in a better understanding of joint pathology and the development of new treatments for diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane that blunts adrenergic responses in sheep and evaluation of the effects of fentanyl.

Objective: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration that blunts adrenergic responses (MACBAR) for isoflurane and evaluate effects of fentanyl on isoflurane MACBAR in sheep. ANIMALS 13 healthy adult Dorset-cross adult ewes.

Procedures: In a crossover design, each ewe was anesthetized 2 times for determination of isoflurane MACBAR.

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of clopidogrel and the carboxylic acid metabolite SR 26334 in healthy dogs.

Objective: To determine pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of clopidogrel and the metabolite SR 26334 in dogs.

Animals: 9 mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures: 8 dogs received clopidogrel (mean +/- SD 1.