Adapting behavioral activation for patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder in primary care: a pilot study.

Introduction: Effective adjunctive therapeutic treatments for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) on medication for OUD (MOUD) in primary care settings are needed to address high rates of mental illness and stress. Behavioral activation (BA) is a brief, evidence-based therapy that has potential to improve quality of life in people with OUD. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of values-based BA (VBA) as an adjunct treatment for patients receiving MOUD in primary care.

COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake among Firefighters: An Application of the Health Belief Model.

Objective: To assess COVID-19 vaccination prevalence and explore whether health beliefs were associated with vaccination among firefighters.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to Minnesota firefighters in March - April 2022. Survey questions included demographics, vaccination status, and beliefs about COVID-19 and vaccines.

Depression and anxiety among K-12 teachers in the United States: A systematic review.

Teachers experience high levels of stress and burnout; however, it is less clear whether teachers also experience high levels of depression and anxiety. The purpose of this systematic review was to describe the literature examining depression and anxiety among K-12 teachers in the United States, with a focus on (a) identifying factors that may be associated with and (b) describing interventions aimed at improving depression and/or anxiety among teachers. A literature search was conducted in January 2022 using APA PsycInfo, ERIC, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PubMed.

Barriers and Facilitators to Using a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Opioid Use Disorder in Primary Care.

Purpose: Clinical decision support (CDS) tools are designed to help primary care clinicians (PCCs) implement evidence-based guidelines for chronic disease care. CDS tools may also be helpful for opioid use disorder (OUD), but only if PCCs use them in their regular workflow. This study's purpose was to understand PCC and clinic leader perceptions of barriers to using an OUD-CDS tool in primary care.

Applying Meaning and Self-Determination Theory to the Development of a Web-Based mHealth Physical Activity Intervention: Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study.

Background: Meaning in life is positively associated with health, well-being, and longevity, which may be partially explained by engagement in healthier behaviors, including physical activity (PA). However, promoting awareness of meaning is a behavior change strategy that has not been tested in previous PA interventions.

Objective: This study aims to develop, refine, and pilot-test the Meaningful Activity Program (MAP; MAP to Health), a web-based mobile health PA intervention, theoretically grounded in meaning and self-determination theory, for insufficiently active middle-aged adults.

Applying self-determination theory to internalized weight stigma and mental health correlates among young and middle adult women: A structural equation model.

Limited research has explored the relationship between self-determination theory constructs (basic psychological needs, autonomous/controlled regulation) and internalized weight stigma (IWS). This cross-sectional, online study surveyed 480 U.S.

30-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk for Young Adults with Serious Mental Illness.

Objective: To estimate 30-year CVD risk and modifiable risk factors in young adults with serious mental illness (SMI) versus those without, and assess variations in CVD risk by race, ethnicity, and sex.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, we estimated and compared the Framingham 30-year CVD risk score and individual modifiable CVD risk factors in young adult (20-39 years) primary care patients with and without SMI at two US healthcare systems (January 2016-Septemeber 2018). Interaction terms assessed whether the SMI-risk association differed across demographic groups.

Patient Perspectives on Mental Health and Pain Management Support Needed Versus Received During Opioid Deprescribing.

Prescription opioid tapering has increased significantly over the last decade. Evidence suggests that tapering too quickly or without appropriate support may unintentionally harm patients. The aim of this analysis was to understand patients' experiences with opioid tapering, including support received or not received for pain control or mental health.

The rapid shift to virtual mental health care: Examining psychotherapy disruption by rurality status.

Background: Given the low usage of virtual health care prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, it was unclear whether those living in rural locations would benefit from increased availability of virtual mental health care. The rapid transition to virtual services during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed for a unique opportunity to examine how the transition to virtual mental health care impacted psychotherapy disruption (i.e.

Psychotherapy Disruption Before and After the Transition to Virtual Mental Health Care Induced by the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to examine population-level disruption in psychotherapy before and after the rapid shift to virtual mental health care induced by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Methods: This retrospective study used electronic health record and insurance claims data from three U.S.

Differential Effects of an Intervention to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk for Patients With Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To measure the impact of a clinical decision support (CDS) tool on total modifiable cardiovascular risk at 12 months separately for outpatients with 3 subtypes of serious mental illness (SMI) identified via and codes: bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia This cluster-randomized pragmatic clinical trial was active from March 2016 to September 2018; data were analyzed from April 2021 to September 2022. Clinicians and patients from 78 primary care clinics participated. All 8,922 adult patients aged 18-75 years with diagnosed SMI, at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor not at goal, and an index and follow-up visit during the study period were included.

Development and Initial Validation of a Measure to Assess Self-Efficacy to Reduce Sedentary Behavior.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of a measure designed to evaluate self-efficacy to reduce sedentary behavior (SB).

Methods: Initial instrument development was based on semistructured interviews and in-depth review of existing measures of self-efficacy for physical activity (PA). Items were drafted by the study authors and reviewed by SB experts.

A randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce stigma toward people with opioid use disorder among primary care clinicians.

Background: Many primary care clinicians (PCCs) hold stigma toward people with opioid use disorder (OUD), which may be a barrier to care. Few interventions exist to address PCC stigma toward people with OUD. This study examined whether an online training incorporating patient narratives reduced PCCs' stigma toward people with OUD (primary) and increased intentions to treat people with OUD compared to an attention-control training (secondary).

Design of a pragmatic clinical trial to improve screening and treatment for opioid use disorder in primary care.

Background: Opioid-related deaths continue to rise in the U.S. A shared decision-making (SDM) system to help primary care clinicians (PCCs) identify and treat patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) could help address this crisis.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Type 2 Diabetes Care Delivery.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic instigated major changes in care delivery, but our understanding of how the rapid transition from in-person to telehealth encounters affected the care of patients with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes remains incomplete. This study examined changes in primary care encounters, A1C testing rates, and the likelihood of meeting A1C guidelines before and during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large health care system. It found significant decreases in utilization and testing rates and the likelihood of meeting A1C guidelines, primarily driven by missing A1C tests.

Patient Perspectives on Opioid Risk Discussions in Primary Care.

Purpose: Both patients and clinicians have described discussions of potential opioid risks as challenging. This study's goal was to understand patient perspectives on discussing opioid risks with primary care clinicians (PCCs).

Methods: Patients identified to be at elevated risk for problems with opioids (ie, opioid use disorder [OUD] diagnosis, taking a medication for OUD, or having ≥3 opioid prescriptions in the last year) were recruited from an integrated, Upper Midwest health system to participate in semi-structured qualitative interviews.

What is success in treatment for opioid use disorder? Perspectives of physicians and patients in primary care settings.

Introduction: Clinicians and researchers have traditionally relied on treatment retention and opioid abstinence as the primary measures of treatment success for people with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, these measures may not capture the range of clinically important treatment outcomes. The study sought to identify indicators of success in primary care-based medication for OUD (MOUD) treatment from the perspectives of patients with OUD and the physicians who treat them.