Association of non-invasive measures of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with mortality and major cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Background: Non-invasive cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, in subclinical stages, aiming to stratify patients and tailor interventions remains an unmet need in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this meta-analysis, we summarize the association of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and CV events in non-dialysis CKD and patients on haemodialysis.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.