Narrow-band imaging versus Lugol chromoendoscopy for esophageal squamous cell cancer screening in normal endoscopic practice: randomized controlled trial.

Background: Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is as sensitive as Lugol chromoendoscopy to detect esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but its specificity, which appears higher than that of Lugol chromoendoscopy in expert centers, remains to be established in general practice. This study aimed to prove the superiority of NBI specificity over Lugol chromoendoscopy in the detection of esophageal SCC and high grade dysplasia (HGD) in current general practice (including tertiary care centers, local hospitals, and private clinics).

Methods: This prospective randomized multicenter trial included consecutive patients with previous or current SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract who were scheduled for gastroscopy.

Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration for Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm Before Surgical Resection: A European Multicenter Registry-Based Study on 149 Patients.

Objectives: The results of only a few endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) have been published, and the safety of the procedure has never been investigated. Our study compared the recurrence rate in patients with and without preoperative EUS-FNA.

Methods: This European multicenter registry-based study was conducted in 22 digestive units, and retrospectively included all patients who underwent complete resection of a pancreatic SPN from 2000 to 2018.

Diagnostic value of CA19.9, circulating tumour DNA and circulating tumour cells in patients with solid pancreatic tumours.

Background: The direct comparison of CA19.9, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has never been performed for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic tumours (SPTs).

Methods: We included 68 patients with a SPT referred for EUS-FNA.

Complete endoscopic sphincterotomy with vs. without large-balloon dilation for the removal of large bile duct stones: randomized multicenter study.

 Endoscopic sphincterotomy plus large-balloon dilation (ES-LBD) has been reported as an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy for the removal of bile duct stones. This multicenter study compared complete endoscopic sphincterotomy with vs. without large-balloon dilation for the removal of large bile duct stones.

A novel hemostatic powder for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter study (the "GRAPHE" registry).

Unlabelled: The hemostatic powder TC-325 (Hemospray; Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) has shown promising results in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in expert centers in pilot studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of TC-325 in a large prospective registry of use in routine practice. The data of all patients treated with TC-325 were prospectively collected through a national registry.

Enteral delivery of proteins enhances the expression of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and protein biosynthesis in human duodenal mucosa.

Background: Amino acids are well known to be key effectors of gut protein turnover. We recently reported that enteral delivery of proteins markedly stimulated global duodenal protein synthesis in carbohydrate-fed healthy humans, but specifically affected proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the influence of an enteral protein supply on the duodenal mucosal proteome in carbohydrate-fed humans.

Diagnostic impact of routine colonoscopy following acute diverticulitis: A multicenter study in 808 patients and controls.

Background: The diagnosis of acute diverticulitis is mainly based on clinical, biological and computed tomography (CT)-scan findings. Elective colonoscopy is recommended after medical treatment, to rule out another diagnosis and to detect associated conditions; however, the relevance of this recommendation has been questioned.

Patients And Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2011, we retrospectively identified in three referral centers the consecutive patients whom underwent a colonoscopy after the medical treatment of a CT scan-proven acute diverticulitis episode.

Enteral glutamine infusion modulates ubiquitination of heat shock proteins, Grp-75 and Apg-2, in the human duodenal mucosa.

Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the human body, plays several important roles in the intestine. Previous studies showed that glutamine may affect protein expression by regulating ubiquitin-proteasome system. We thus aimed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on ubiquitinated proteins in human duodenal mucosa.

Impact of nutritional parameter variations during definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

Background: Undernutrition is frequently observed in patients with a locally advanced oesophageal carcinoma. However, variations of nutritional parameters during chemoradiotherapy have not been thoroughly investigated.

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics and the impact of nutritional variations during treatment.

Lack of correlation between morbid obesity and severe gastroesophageal reflux disease in candidates for bariatric surgery: results of a large prospective study.

The relationship between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a subject of debate. In this large series of 250 morbidly obese patients, all candidates for bariatric surgery, we have shown the very low prevalence of severe GERD and neither Barrett's esophagus nor esophageal adenocarcinoma was detected. Moreover, no relationship was found between GERD and not only BMI but also abdominal diameter.

Enteral delivery of proteins stimulates protein synthesis in human duodenal mucosa in the fed state through a mammalian target of rapamycin-independent pathway.

Background: Glutamine modulates duodenal protein metabolism in fasted healthy humans, but its effects in a fed state remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of either glutamine or an isonitrogenous protein mixture on duodenal protein metabolism in humans in the fed state.

Design: Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly included in 2 groups.

An enteral leucine supply modulates human duodenal mucosal proteome and decreases the expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid beta-oxidation.

Leucine is well known to regulate protein metabolism in muscle. We recently reported that enteral leucine infusion decreased proteasome activity in human duodenal mucosa and enhanced intestinal cell proliferation, but its effects on gut proteome remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of an enteral leucine infusion on the whole proteome of duodenal mucosa.

Role of toll like receptors in irritable bowel syndrome: differential mucosal immune activation according to the disease subtype.

Background: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. Its high prevalence and the considerable effects on quality of life make IBS a disease with high social cost. Recent studies suggest that low grade mucosal immune activation, increased intestinal permeability and the altered host-microbiota interactions that modulate innate immune response, contribute to the pathophysiology of IBS.

Factors associated with diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding by video capsule enteroscopy.

Background & Aims: Capsule enteroscopy (CE) is the best noninvasive tool to explore the entire small bowel of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB); it has a diagnostic yield of 40%-80%. However, little is known about the factors associated with a diagnosis of OGIB by CE.

Methods: We analyzed data from 911 consecutive patients who underwent CE for OGIB from January 2004 to January 2010.

The expression and the cellular distribution of the tight junction proteins are altered in irritable bowel syndrome patients with differences according to the disease subtype.

Objectives: Recent studies have suggested that an increased intestinal permeability is involved in the pathophysilogy of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the differential expression of tight junctions (TJs) proteins according to IBS subtypes and symptoms remained unknown. The objective of this study was to study zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS.

Effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the glucose supply reduces postoperative insulin resistance and improves patient outcomes. However, the effects of luminal glucose on intestinal mucosal proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of an enteral glucose supply on protein synthesis, proteolytic pathways, and proteome in human duodenal mucosa.

Influence of leucine on protein metabolism, phosphokinase expression, and cell proliferation in human duodenum1,3.

Background: Although leucine increases protein anabolism through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in human muscles, its effects on intestinal mucosal proteins remain unknown.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of leucine on duodenal protein metabolism in healthy humans and to elucidate the signaling pathways involved.

Design: Eleven healthy volunteers received for 5 h, on 2 occasions and in random order, an enteral supply of maltodextrins (0.

Human duodenal proteome modulations by glutamine and antioxidants.

Purpose: Glutamine (Gln) has protective, anti-inflammatory effects in animal models and humans. Antioxidant nutrients may exert synergistic effects on intestinal functions. Therefore, these combined nutrients may have a therapeutic potential during intestinal inflammation.

Increased proteasome-mediated degradation of occludin in irritable bowel syndrome.

Objectives: Proteasome-mediated protein degradation may contribute to the regulation of intestinal inflammation. At the same time, low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thus, we aimed to evaluate proteasome composition and activities in colonic mucosa of IBS patients and its putative pathogenic role.

[Mallory-Weiss syndrome: diagnosis and treatment].

Mallory-Weiss syndrome is relatively common and is involved in 3 to 10% of cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Most of the time, the hemorrhage is mild and stops spontaneously. Clinical suspicion requires confirmation by an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which must be performed rapidly after the first hematemesis.