Review of Drugs Approved via the 505(b)(2) Pathway: Uncovering Drug Development Trends and Regulatory Requirements.

A 505(b)(2) application is a type of US new drug application (NDA) that contains full reports of investigations of safety and effectiveness, but where at least some of the information required for approval comes from studies not conducted by or for the applicant and for which the applicant has not obtained a right of reference. Most 505(b)(2) applications consist of changes to a previously approved drug product (ie, a new dosage form, new routes of administration, etc). Sponsors often face challenges determining the studies to be conducted to support approval via 505(b)(2) pathway.

Bioequivalence of Sandoz methylphenidate osmotic-controlled release tablet with Concerta® (Janssen-Cilag).

The aim was to assess the bioequivalence of Sandoz methylphenidate osmotic-controlled release (OCR) tablets (Sandoz [Methylphenidate[ MPH OCR) with Concerta®, a methylphenidate formulation indicated for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Four open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-way crossover bioequivalence studies were conducted in healthy subjects: three fasting studies with 54-, 36- and 18-mg doses of methylphenidate, and one fed study with the 54-mg dose. The d- and l-threo-methylphenidate plasma levels were quantified using liquid chromatographic methods with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).

PACAP release from the canine adrenal gland in vivo: its functional role in severe hypotension.

This study was to investigate if endogenous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) can be released during direct splanchnic nerve stimulation in vivo and to determine whether PACAP in the adrenal gland can modulate the medullary response to sympathoadrenal reflex. The output of adrenal catecholamine and PACAP-38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP-38-ir) increased in a frequency-dependent manner after direct splanchnic nerve stimulation (0.2-20 Hz).