Effects of Chlorpyrifos on gut dysbiosis and barriers integrity in women with a focus on pregnancy and prebiotic intervention: Insights from advanced in vitro human models.

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a commonly used organophosphate pesticide, poses potential risks to human health, particularly affecting the gut microbiota (GM), intestinal barrier (IB), and blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPF-induced gut dysbiosis compromises the integrity of both the IB and the BBB, leading to increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and bacterial translocation, all of which may impact neurological health. Although CPF's effects on the GM are documented, limited research explores how these impacts differ in women, particularly during pregnancy.

Autonomous nervous system responses to environmental-level exposure to 5G's first deployed band (3.5 GHz) in healthy human volunteers.

Following the global progressive deployment of 5G networks, considerable attention has focused on assessing their potential impact on human health. This study aims to investigate autonomous nervous system changes by exploring skin temperature and electrodermal activity (EDA) among 44 healthy young individuals of both sexes during and after exposure to 3.5 GHz antenna-emitted signals, with an electrical field intensity ranging from 1 to 2 V/m.

Influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on sleep patterns in preterm neonates.

Purpose: The study objective was to assess the influence of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure on sleep patterns in preterm newborns. We hypothesized that an increase in RF-EMF exposure levels would alter infants' sleep structure parameters.

Materials And Methods: Individual, continuous measurements of RF-EMF levels were performed in 29 hospitalized preterm newborns throughout the first 21 days after birth.

Sex-dependent impact of perinatal 5G electromagnetic field exposure in the adolescent rat behavior.

The fifth generation (5G) network is currently being worldwide spread out, raising questions about the potential impact of this new technology, particularly on immature organisms. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of daily 5G electromagnetic field (EMF) perinatal exposure on the neurodevelopment of rats. The exposure level was set to the limit of whole-body public exposure defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection.

Hot water immersion: Maintaining core body temperature above 38.5°C mitigates muscle fatigue.

Purpose: Hot water immersion (HWI) has gained popularity to promote muscle recovery, despite limited data on the optimal heat dose. The purpose of this study was to compare the responses of two exogenous heat strains on core body temperature, hemodynamic adjustments, and key functional markers of muscle recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD).

Methods: Twenty-eight physically active males completed an individually tailored EIMD protocol immediately followed by one of the following recovery interventions: HWI (40°C, HWI ), HWI (41°C, HWI ) or warm water immersion (36°C, CON ).

How to Control Exposure to Fifth-Generation Radiofrequencies in Preterm Newborns in Incubator.

Infant and family centered development care reduces infant distress and supports the parent and infant's individual abilities. However, a new environmental factor is daily encountered: the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMFs) with the most recent fifth-generation (5G) technology. Currently, the effects of RF EMF during development are discussed in animal models.

Effect of daily co-exposure to inulin and chlorpyrifos on selected microbiota endpoints in the SHIME® model.

The intestinal microbiota has a key role in human health via the interaction with the somatic and immune cells in the digestive tract environment. Food, through matrix effect, nutrient and non-nutrient molecules, is a key regulator of microbiota diversity. As a food contaminant, the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) has an effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and induces perturbation of microbiota.

The newborn infant's thermal environment in the delivery room when skin-to-skin care has to be interrupted.

Objective: Newborns are prone to hypothermia immediately following birth. Hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. We sought to assess the thermal environment and metabolic costs associated with exposure to various situations in the delivery room when skin-to-skin care (SSC) has to be curtailed.

Optimization of the incubator air temperature during LED phototherapy treatment for the preterm infant.

Light-emitting diode phototherapy treatment for jaundice of the preterm infant presents adverse effects, such as discomfort, changes in metabolism, and overheating. This study quantified the body heat exchanges between the environment and a simulated preterm infant requiring phototherapy treatment in a closed incubator. Phototherapy treatment increased the mean incubator roof temperature by 2.

Does the perigestational exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or high-fat diet affect respiratory parameters and diaphragmatic muscle contractility in young rats?

The perinatal period is characterized by developmental stages with high sensitivity to environmental factors. Among the risk factors, maternal High-Fat Diet (HFD) consumption and early-life pesticide exposure can induce metabolic disorders at adulthood. We established the effects of perigestational exposure to Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and/or HFD on respiratory parameters, sleep apnea and diaphragm contractility in adult rats.

Effect of non-thermal radiofrequency on body temperature in mice.

Communication technologies based on radiofrequency (RF) propagation bring great benefits to our daily life. However, their rapid expansion raises concerns about possible impacts on public health. At intensity levels below the threshold to produce thermal effects, RF exposure has also recently been reported to elicit biological effects, resembling reactions to cold.

Environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic field levels in a department of pediatrics.

Preterm neonates constitute a vulnerable population that is highly sensitive to its environment. Given the increased use of wireless communication devices (mobile and digital enhanced cordless telecommunications, WiFi networks, etc.), neonates hospitalized in a department of pediatrics are potentially exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF).

Effects of co-exposure to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and high-level noise on sleep, weight, and food intake parameters in juvenile rats.

Objective: Electrohypersensitive people attribute various symptoms to exposure of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF); sleep disturbance is the most frequently cited. However, laboratory experiments have yielded conflicting results regarding sleep alterations. Our hypothesis was that exposure to RF-EMF alone would lead to slight or non-significant effects but that co-exposure to RF-EMFs and other environmental constraints (such as noise) would lead to significant effects.

Impacts of Subchronic, High-Level Noise Exposure on Sleep and Metabolic Parameters: A Juvenile Rodent Model.

Background: Noise is an environmental factor that has been associated with metabolic and sleep disorders. Sleep is a vital function, since it underpins physiologic processes and cognitive recovery and development. However, the effects of chronic noise exposure on the developing organism are still subject to debate.

Distal skin vasodilation in sleep preparedness, and its impact on thermal status in preterm neonates.

Objective: Prior to sleep onset in human adults, distal body temperatures change progressively from wakefulness levels (low skin temperatures and a high core temperature) to sleep levels (high skin temperatures and a low core temperature) due to distal skin vasodilation and greater body cooling. It is not known whether this sleep preparedness exists in preterm neonates, even though sleep has a key role in neonatal health and neurodevelopment. The present study's objectives were to determine whether sleep preparedness (as observed in adults) can be evidenced in preterm neonates, and to assess repercussions on thermal stress.

Warming the premature infant in the delivery room: Quantification of the risk of hyperthermia.

Aim: The efficacy and safety of three polyethylene bags commonly used to prevent hypothermia in premature infants was assessed.

Methods: To simulate transfer from the delivery room to a secondary care unit, a thermally stable, bonneted mannequin (skin temperature: 34.4 °C) was placed in a climate chamber under different conditions: with a radiant warmer, with various polyethylene bags (open on one side, closed by a draw-string at the neck, or a "life support pouch" with several access points) or without a bag.

Effects of Smoking Exposure in Infants on Gastroesophageal Reflux as a Function of the Sleep-Wakefulness State.

Objective: To determine whether perinatal smoking exposure is associated with gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-related changes in sleep-wakefulness states in neonates.

Study Design: Thirty-one neonates, referred for the investigation of suspected GER, were recruited and underwent multichannel impedance-pH monitoring and synchronized 8- to 12-hour polysomnography. The infants' exposure to tobacco smoke was estimated by means of a urine cotinine assay.

Use of a combination of in vitro models to investigate the impact of chlorpyrifos and inulin on the intestinal microbiota and the permeability of the intestinal mucosa.

Dietary exposure to the organophosphorothionate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. We therefore sought to investigate whether (i) CPF's impact extends to the intestinal barrier and (ii) the prebiotic inulin could prevent such an effect. In vitro models mimicking the intestinal environment (the SHIME®) and the intestinal mucosa (Caco-2/TC7 cells) were exposed to CPF.

Impact of chronic exposure to the pesticide chlorpyrifos on respiratory parameters and sleep apnea in juvenile and adult rats.

The widely used organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is often detected in food. CPF inhibits acetylcholinesterase and can modify muscle contractility and respiratory patterns. We studied the effects of chronic exposure to CPF on respiratory parameters and diaphragm contractility in 21- and 60-days old rats.

The hypoxic test in preterm neonates reinvestigated.

Aim: We currently lack a suitable gold-standard method for implementation on modern equipment to assess peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to develop an accurate and reproducible method for assessing peripheral chemoreceptors sensitivity in sleeping preterm neonates.

Methods: A poïkilocapnic hypoxic test was performed twice during rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) and non-rapid eye movement sleep (nonREM sleep).

Thermal management in closed incubators: New software for assessing the impact of humidity on the optimal incubator air temperature.

Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates are nursed in closed incubators to prevent transcutaneous water loss. The RH's impact on the optimal incubator air temperature setting has not been studied.

Methods: On the basis of a clinical cohort study, we modelled all the ambient parameters influencing body heat losses and gains.

Distal skin vasodilation promotes rapid sleep onset in preterm neonates.

Although sleep is of paramount importance for preterm neonates, care of the latter in a neonatal intensive care unit does not favour sleep. Given that several studies in adults have described a 'vegetative preparedness to sleep' (in which distal skin vasodilation before lights-out promotes rapid sleep onset), we looked at whether or not this process operates in preterm neonates. Sleep propensity was assessed in terms of the duration of a spontaneous episode of wakefulness (W).

Additional double-wall roof in single-wall, closed, convective incubators: Impact on body heat loss from premature infants and optimal adjustment of the incubator air temperature.

Radiant heat loss is high in low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates. Double-wall or single-wall incubators with an additional double-wall roof panel that can be removed during phototherapy are used to reduce Radiant heat loss. There are no data on how the incubators should be used when this second roof panel is removed.