Perceptions and behaviors toward first-generation, low-income individuals in organizations.

As universities and employers strive for greater socioeconomic diversity, understanding First-Generation, Low-Income (FGLI) status as a dimension of diversity is crucial. This review examines how FGLI individuals-who are the first in their families to attain higher education, achieve professional occupations and/or come from low-income backgrounds-are perceived and treated in academic and professional settings. Our review shows negative perceptions of FGLIs on traits like agency and cultural fit often lead to their exclusion.

Are Empathic People Better Adjusted? A Test of Competing Models of Empathic Accuracy and Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Facets of Adjustment Using Self- and Peer Reports.

Are individuals adept at perceiving others' emotions optimally adjusted? We extend past research by conducting a high-powered preregistered study that comprehensively tests five theoretical models of empathic accuracy (i.e., emotion-recognition ability) and self-views and intra- and interpersonal facets of adjustment in a sample of 1,126 undergraduate students from Canada and 2,205 informants.

Short communication: Is there any benefit of initiating aspirin before the 11th week of gestation?

Aspirin initiated between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation reduces the risk of preterm preeclampsia and other placenta-mediated complications in screen-positive women. Most of these adverse outcomes are associated with maternal vascular malperfusion of the placenta, a disease that begins during the early first trimester. Assuming that aspirin has direct beneficial actions on the developing placenta, tempts clinicians to believe in the maxim that "the earlier the better", however neither the safety nor the effectiveness of aspirin started before 11th week of gestation has been demonstrated.

Lightening the load: Perceived partner responsiveness fosters more positive appraisals of relational sacrifices.

Romantic partners regularly sacrifice their own self-interest when partners' needs and preferences diverge. The present work examines the role of perceived partner responsiveness (PPR)-impressions that one's partner is understanding, caring, and validating-in positively shaping people's appraisals of their relational sacrifices. In Study 1, a preregistered experiment of romantically involved individuals ( = 548), we manipulated PPR (high, low, or control) in a hypothetical sacrifice scenario.

The Social Effects of Emotions.

We review the burgeoning literature on the social effects of emotions, documenting the impact of emotional expressions on observers' affect, cognition, and behavior. We find convergent evidence that emotional expressions influence observers' affective reactions, inferential processes, and behaviors across various domains, including close relationships, group decision making, customer service, negotiation, and leadership. Affective reactions and inferential processes mediate the effects of emotional expressions on observers' behaviors, and the relative potency of these mediators depends on the observers' information processing and the perceived appropriateness of the emotional expressions.

A Pilot Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of 80 versus 160 mg of Aspirin on Midtrimester Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index in Women with a History of Preeclampsia.

Objective: To compare the effects of 80 mg and 160 mg of aspirin, initiated in the first trimester of pregnancy, on mid-trimester uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) in women with a history of preeclampsia.

Methods: We performed a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial. Pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia were recruited between 10 and 13 weeks gestation and randomly assigned to take either 80 or 160 mg of aspirin daily at bedtime from randomization to 35 weeks gestation.

The Distinct Effects of Empathic Accuracy for a Romantic Partner's Appeasement and Dominance Emotions.

When is accurately reading other people's emotions costly and when is it beneficial? We aimed to identify whether the association between empathic accuracy and both relationship quality and motivation to change varies depending on the type of emotion being detected: appeasement (e.g., embarrassment) or dominance (e.

The Psychology of Entrenched Privilege: High Socioeconomic Status Individuals From Affluent Backgrounds Are Uniquely High in Entitlement.

As rates of intergenerational social mobility decline, it is increasingly important to understand the psychological consequences of entrenched socioeconomic privilege. Here, we explore whether current and childhood socioeconomic status (SES) are interactively related to entitlement, such that among currently high SES individuals, those from affluent backgrounds are likely to feel uniquely high levels of entitlement, whereas currently low SES individuals feel low entitlement regardless of their backgrounds. A meta-analysis of four exploratory studies (total = 3,105) found that currently high SES individuals who were also raised in high SES households were especially inclined to report feeling entitled, a pattern that was robust across three indicators of SES: income, education, and subjective SES.

Self-insight into emotional and cognitive abilities is not related to higher adjustment.

Despite the popularity of the Ancient Greek maxim 'know thyself', the importance of self-insight for adjustment, or effective psychological functioning, remains unclear. Here we examined four perspectives about how cognitive and emotional abilities and self-views about these abilities relate to adjustment. We administered tests of cognitive and emotional abilities and assessed self-views about these abilities.

VR Road and Construction Site Safety Conceptual Modeling Based on Hand Gestures.

Engineering road design and construction site safety design can be lengthy processes, incompatible with situations where only a conceptual design is required, and/or when required by users unfamiliar with such complex pieces of software. In this study, an intuitive road design VR application based on hand gesture was proposed and developed as a proof of concept. Results show the resulting application is easy, natural and fun to use, and could represent a good alternative to more complex design applications.

Follow your gut? Emotional intelligence moderates the association between physiologically measured somatic markers and risk-taking.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a set of adaptive skills that involve emotions and emotional information. Prior research suggests that lower EI individuals behave maladaptively in social situations compared to higher EI individuals. However, there is a paucity of research on whether EI promotes adaptive decision-making.

Social affiliation in same-class and cross-class interactions.

Historically high levels of economic inequality likely have important consequences for relationships between people of the same and different social class backgrounds. Here, we test the prediction that social affiliation among same-class partners is stronger at the extremes of the class spectrum, given that these groups are highly distinctive and most separated from others by institutional and economic forces. An internal meta-analysis of 4 studies (N = 723) provided support for this hypothesis.

High economic inequality leads higher-income individuals to be less generous.

Research on social class and generosity suggests that higher-income individuals are less generous than poorer individuals. We propose that this pattern emerges only under conditions of high economic inequality, contexts that can foster a sense of entitlement among higher-income individuals that, in turn, reduces their generosity. Analyzing results of a unique nationally representative survey that included a real-stakes giving opportunity (n = 1,498), we found that in the most unequal US states, higher-income respondents were less generous than lower-income respondents.

Emotional intelligence predicts success in medical school.

Accumulating evidence suggests that effective communication and interpersonal sensitivity during interactions between doctors and patients impact therapeutic outcomes. There is an important need to identify predictors of these behaviors, because traditional tests used in medical admissions offer limited predictions of "bedside manners" in medical practice. This study examined whether emotional intelligence would predict the performance of 367 medical students in medical school courses on communication and interpersonal sensitivity.

For whom do the ends justify the means? Social class and utilitarian moral judgment.

Though scholars have speculated for centuries on links between individuals' social class standing and approach to moral reasoning, little systematic research exists on how class and morality are associated. Here, we investigate whether the tendency of upper-class individuals to exhibit reduced empathy makes them more likely to resist intuitionist options in moral dilemmas, instead favoring utilitarian choices that maximize the greatest good for the greatest number. In Study 1, upper-class participants were more likely than lower-class participants to choose the utilitarian option in the footbridge dilemma, which evokes relatively strong moral intuitions, but not in the standard trolley dilemma, which evokes relatively weak moral intuitions.

The emotionally intelligent decision maker: emotion-understanding ability reduces the effect of incidental anxiety on risk taking.

In two experiments, we examined how a core dimension of emotional intelligence, emotion-understanding ability, facilitates decision making. Individuals with higher levels of emotion-understanding ability can correctly identify which events caused their emotions and, in particular, whether their emotions stem from events that are unrelated to current decisions. We predicted that incidental feelings of anxiety, which are unrelated to current decisions, would reduce risk taking more strongly among individuals with lower rather than higher levels of emotion-understanding ability.

Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior.

Seven studies using experimental and naturalistic methods reveal that upper-class individuals behave more unethically than lower-class individuals. In studies 1 and 2, upper-class individuals were more likely to break the law while driving, relative to lower-class individuals. In follow-up laboratory studies, upper-class individuals were more likely to exhibit unethical decision-making tendencies (study 3), take valued goods from others (study 4), lie in a negotiation (study 5), cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize (study 6), and endorse unethical behavior at work (study 7) than were lower-class individuals.

Indoor pedestrian navigation using foot-mounted IMU and portable ultrasound range sensors.

Many solutions have been proposed for indoor pedestrian navigation. Some rely on pre-installed sensor networks, which offer good accuracy but are limited to areas that have been prepared for that purpose, thus requiring an expensive and possibly time-consuming process. Such methods are therefore inappropriate for navigation in emergency situations since the power supply may be disturbed.

Social relationships and intraindividual variability in interpersonal behavior: correlates of interpersonal spin.

Personality constructs are typically conceptualized as central tendencies of the individual. We explore whether dynamic personality constructs that quantify the within-individual variability of behavior across situations and over time predict the closeness of social relationships. We focused on interpersonal spin, defined as the degree of dispersion in a person's interpersonal behaviors around the interpersonal circumplex across situations and over time.

The Jekyll and Hyde of emotional intelligence: emotion-regulation knowledge facilitates both prosocial and interpersonally deviant behavior.

Does emotional intelligence promote behavior that strictly benefits the greater good, or can it also advance interpersonal deviance? In the investigation reported here, we tested the possibility that a core facet of emotional intelligence--emotion-regulation knowledge--can promote both prosocial and interpersonally deviant behavior. Drawing from research on how the effective regulation of emotion promotes goal achievement, we predicted that emotion-regulation knowledge would strengthen the effects of other-oriented and self-oriented personality traits on prosocial behavior and interpersonal deviance, respectively. Two studies supported our predictions.

Social power facilitates the effect of prosocial orientation on empathic accuracy.

Power increases the tendency to behave in a goal-congruent fashion. Guided by this theoretical notion, we hypothesized that elevated power would strengthen the positive association between prosocial orientation and empathic accuracy. In 3 studies with university and adult samples, prosocial orientation was more strongly associated with empathic accuracy when distinct forms of power were high than when power was low.