The impact of entrepreneurship research on other academic fields.

The remarkable ascent of entrepreneurship witnessed as a scientific field over the last 4 decades has been made possible by entrepreneurship's ability to absorb theories, paradigms, and methods from other fields such as economics, psychology, sociology, geography, and even biology. The respectability of entrepreneurship as an academic discipline is now evidenced by many other fields starting to borrow from the entrepreneurship view. In the present paper, seven examples are given from this "pay back" development.

From microscopic to macroscopic perspectives and back: The study of leadership and health/well-being.

This special issue introduces a set of papers that contribute to research on leadership and health/well-being from multiple perspectives. To situate these papers in current research debates, this introduction to the special issue provides an overview of research on leadership and health/well-being by using a microscope-macroscope perspective as an organizing framework. The microscope-macroscope organizing framework highlights that a comprehensive understanding of leadership and well-being requires researchers to consider multiple perspectives, including those of leaders and followers, embedded in their context and time.

Self-employment and eudaimonic well-being: Energized by meaning, enabled by societal legitimacy.

This study investigates and self-employment is related to higher levels of eudaimonic well-being. We focus on meaningfulness as an important eudaimonic process and subjective vitality as a eudaimonic well-being outcome that is central to entrepreneurs' proactivity. Building on self-determination theory, we posit that self-employment, relative to wage-employment, is a more self-determined and volitional career choice, which enhances the experience of meaningfulness at work and perceptions of work autonomy.

Comparable Bioavailability and Disposition of Pefloxacin in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Volunteers Assessed via Population Pharmacokinetics.

Quinolone antibiotics present an attractive oral treatment option in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Prior studies have reported comparable clearances and volumes of distribution in patients with CF and healthy volunteers for primarily renally cleared quinolones. We aimed to provide the first pharmacokinetic comparison for pefloxacin as a predominantly nonrenally cleared quinolone and its two metabolites between both subject groups.

Novel Population Pharmacokinetic Approach to Explain the Differences between Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Healthy Volunteers via Protein Binding.

The pharmacokinetics in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has long been thought to differ considerably from that in healthy volunteers. For highly protein bound β-lactams, profound pharmacokinetic differences were observed between comparatively morbid patients with CF and healthy volunteers. These differences could be explained by body weight and body composition for β-lactams with low protein binding.

Predicting Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Values and the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Integrating predictions from the theory of human values with the theory of planned behavior (TPB), our primary goal is to investigate mechanisms through which individual values are related to entrepreneurial career intentions using a sample of 823 students from four European countries. We find that openness and self-enhancement values relate positively to entrepreneurial career intentions and that these relationships are partly mediated by attitudes toward entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, and, to a lesser extent, by social norms. Values and TPB constructs partially mediated cross-country differences in entrepreneurial intentions.

Two underestimated threats in food transportation: mould and acceleration.

Two important parameters are often neglected in the monitoring of perishable goods during transport: mould contamination of fresh food and the influence of acceleration or vibration on the quality of a product. We assert the claim that it is necessary to focus research on these two topics in the context of intelligent logistics in this opinion paper. Further, the technical possibilities for future measurement systems are discussed.

Population pharmacokinetics of piperacillin at two dose levels: influence of nonlinear pharmacokinetics on the pharmacodynamic profile.

Piperacillin in combination with tazobactam is one of the most commonly used intravenous antibiotics. There is evidence for a possible saturable elimination of piperacillin. Therefore, the saturable elimination and its impact on the choice of optimal dosage regimens were quantified.

Comparable population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic breakpoints of cefpirome in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are often reported to have higher clearances and larger volumes of distribution per kilogram of total body weight (WT) for beta-lactams than healthy volunteers. As pharmacokinetic (PK) data on cefpirome from studies of CF patients are lacking, we systematically compared its population PK and pharmacodynamic breakpoints for CF patients and healthy volunteers of similar body size. Twelve adult CF patients (median lean body mass [LBM] = 45.

Population pharmacokinetic comparison and pharmacodynamic breakpoints of ceftazidime in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers.

Despite the promising activity of ceftazidime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia, there has not yet been a study that directly compared the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ceftazidime in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy volunteers by population PK methodology. We assessed the population PK and PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) breakpoints of ceftazidime in CF patients and healthy volunteers. Eight CF patients (total body weight [WT] [average +/- standard deviation] = 42.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile of carumonam in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers.

Our objectives were to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of carumonam, a monobactam, between cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy volunteers and assess its pharmacodynamic profile. We studied 10 adult CF patients and 18 healthy volunteers of similar body size (dose: 2.166 g of carumonam as 15-min intravenous infusion).

Systematic comparison of the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin in cystic fibrosis patients and healthy volunteers.

Respiratory tract infections cause 90% of premature mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is often very problematic. Piperacillin-tazobactam has good activity against P.

Sediment deposition in constructed wetland ponds with emergent vegetation: laboratory study and mathematical model.

Retention of suspended particles by settling is among the main physical treatment processes in constructed wetland ponds. Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the transport and deposition of suspended particles in the slow, near-stagnant flows typical of constructed wetland ponds with emergent vegetation. The presence of stems was found to create a velocity field which is much more uniform than its counterpart without vegetation.

Sediment retention in constructed wetland ponds--a laboratory study.

Laboratory experiments on sediment removal and particle settlement were conducted in a hydraulic laboratory model scaled 1:1 to study processes and mechanisms governing sediment transport under well defined and reproducible conditions. Parameters governing particle settling were varied and their effect studied ceteris paribus. These governing parameters were flow velocity, TSS input concentration, presence of plants, vegetation density, and the presence of wind.

Salt tracer experiments in constructed wetland ponds with emergent vegetation: laboratory study on the formation of density layers and its influence on breakthrough curve analysis.

Constructed wetlands are a rapidly expanding and intensively studied wastewater treatment system. One of the main types in use is the free water surface (FWS) wetland or wetland pond. In studies on these ponds, salt tracer experiments are a convenient tool to determine travel time distributions, which are, in turn, related to hydraulic and sedimentation (trapping) as well as nutrient removal efficiencies.

Discovery of an extended bundle sheath in Ricinus communis L. and its role as a temporal storage compartment for the iron chelator nicotianamine.

The extended bundle sheath (EBS) is a specialized layer of cells that enhances the lateral transport of photoassimilates within the leaf. This little-known tissue is often considered to be legume-specific. We identified an EBS in cotyledons and leaves of the non-legume Ricinus communis L.

Iron uptake, trafficking and homeostasis in plants.

Iron is an essential micronutrient with numerous cellular functions, and its deficiency represents one of the most serious problems in human nutrition worldwide. Plants have two major problems with iron as a free ion: its insolubility and its toxicity. To ensure iron acquisition from soil and to avoid iron excess in the cells, uptake and homeostasis are tightly controlled.

Post-translational modifications of the AFET3 gene product: a component of the iron transport system in budding cells and mycelia of the yeast Arxula adeninivorans.

The yeast Arxula adeninivorans is characterized by a temperature-dependent dimorphism. A. adeninivorans grows as budding cells at temperatures up to 42 degrees C, but forms mycelia at higher temperatures.

A metal-binding member of the late embryogenesis abundant protein family transports iron in the phloem of Ricinus communis L.

The transport of metal micronutrients to developing organs in a plant is mediated primarily by the sieve elements. Ligands are thought to form complexes with the free ions in order to prevent cellular damage, but no binding partners have been unequivocally identified from plants so far. This study has used the phloem-mediated transport of micronutrients during the germination of the castor bean seedling to identify an iron transport protein (ITP).

A mutation of the mitochondrial ABC transporter Sta1 leads to dwarfism and chlorosis in the Arabidopsis mutant starik.

A mutation in the Arabidopsis gene STARIK leads to dwarfism and chlorosis of plants with an altered morphology of leaf and cell nuclei. We show that the STARIK gene encodes the mitochondrial ABC transporter Sta1 that belongs to a subfamily of Arabidopsis half-ABC transporters. The severity of the starik phenotype is suppressed by the ectopic expression of the STA2 homolog; thus, Sta1 function is partially redundant.

The structure of electronic states in amorphous silicon.

We illustrate the structure and dynamics of electron states in amorphous Si. The nature of the states near the gap at zero temperature is discussed and especially the way the structure of the states changes for energies ranging from midgap into either band tail (Anderson transition). We then study the effect of lattice vibrations on the eigenstates, and find that electronic states near the optical gap can be strongly influenced by thermal modulation of the atomic positions.

Isolation, characterization and cDNA cloning of nicotianamine synthase from barley. A key enzyme for iron homeostasis in plants.

Basic cellular processes such as electron transport in photosynthesis and respiration require the precise control of iron homeostasis. To mobilize iron, plants have evolved at least two different strategies. The nonproteinogenous amino acid nicotianamine which is synthesized from three molecules of S-adenosyl-L-methionine, is an essential component of both pathways.

Structure, expression and chromosomal localisation of the metallothionein-like gene family of tomato.

Metallothioneins are small cysteine-rich proteins with strong binding capacity for heavy metals. In animals and fungi they are involved in cellular detoxification processes. Although genes for similar proteins exist in plants, less is known about the putative functions of their protein products.

The degradation rates of cytoplasmic tRNA, rRNA and mRNA in rats are elevated after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

The effects of a parasitic infection with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis on the degradation rates of cytoplasmic tRNA, rRNA and mRNA in rats have been investigated by measuring the renal excretion rates of the modified RNA catabolites N6-threoninocarbonyladenosine, pseudouridine and 7-methylguanine. Between days 9 and 13 post-infection when the expulsion of N. brasiliensis is usually the most pronounced, the degradation rates of the different RNA classes were significantly higher than in the control rats (P < 0.

Fotemustine and interferon alpha2b in metastatic malignant melanoma.

The efficacy of treatment with fotemustine and interferon (IFN) alpha was evaluated in metastatic melanoma. A group of 50 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated with a combination of IFNalpha2b and the nitrosourea fotemustine. The patients received 10 MU IFN three times weekly for 3 weeks and fotemustine at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on days 8, 15 and 22.