Digital Volumetric Measurements Based on 3D Scans of the Lower Limb: A Valid and Reproducible Method for Evaluation in Lymphedema Therapy.

Background: Exact quantification of volumetric changes of the extremities is difficult and often error-prone. The aim of this study was to establish a standardized method based on 3-dimensional (3D) scans. Furthermore, this study tests the method in terms of reproducibility and evaluates volume changes after surgical therapy in patients suffering from lymphedema on the lower extremity.

Efficacy and safety of adjuvant immunoadsorption in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus (IA-Pem Study): a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are potentially life-threatening autoimmune blistering diseases. Treatment is based on long-term immunosuppression with high doses of glucocorticosteroids in combination with potentially corticosteroid-sparing agents and/or rituximab. Immunoadsorption (IA) has emerged as a fast-acting adjuvant treatment option.

The phyllodes menace-Variation in course, therapy, and appearance of phyllodes tumors in a case series of three patients.

Key Clinical Message: Early and complete surgical resection is the most important therapeutic and diagnostic measure. Adjuvant radiation is suggested for malign phyllode tumors, phyllode tumors larger than 10 cm or those with a low distance to the resection margins.

Abstract: Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial tumors of the breast.

OSCC in Never-Smokers and Never-Drinkers Is Associated with Increased Expression of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Better Survival.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic differences of oral squamous cell carcinoma of never-smokers/never-drinkers and smokers/drinkers. Immunohistochemical staining for CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD1a, and p16 was performed in 131 oral squamous cell carcinomas from smokers/drinkers and never-smokers/never-drinkers. Associations of smoking/drinking status with clinicopathologic data, immunohistochemical antibody expression, and survival were examined.

3D Visualization, Skeletonization and Branching Analysis of Blood Vessels in Angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessels growing from existing vasculature. Visualizing them as a three-dimensional (3D) model is a challenging, yet relevant, task as it would be of great help to researchers, pathologists, and medical doctors. A branching analysis on the 3D model would further facilitate research and diagnostic purposes.

Expression of pH-Sensitive GPCRs in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Cancer-First Results.

Solid tumors have an altered metabolism with a so-called inside-out pH gradient (decreased pH < increased pH). This also signals back to tumor cells via proton-sensitive ion channels or G protein-coupled receptors (pH-GPCRs) to alter migration and proliferation. Nothing, however, is known about the expression of pH-GPCRs in the rare form of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Expression of pH-Sensitive TRPC4 in Common Skin Tumors.

TRPCs (transient receptor potential classical or cation channels) play a crucial role in tumor biology, especially in the Ca homeostasis in cancer cells. TRPC4 is a pH-sensitive member of this family of proteins. As solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH-gradient with lowered extracellular and increased intracellular pH, both contributing to tumor progression, TRPC4 might be a signaling molecule in the altered tumor microenvironment.

Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature.

The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials.

GPR4 in the pH-dependent migration of melanoma cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Due to its high metastatic potential, malignant melanoma is one of the deadliest skin cancers. In melanoma as well as in other cancers, acidification of the tumor microenvironment (=TME, inverse pH-gradient) is a well-known driver of tumor progression and metastasis. Membrane-bound receptors, such as the proton-sensitive GPCR (pH-GPCR) GPR4, are considered as potential initiators of the signalling cascades relevant to malignant transformation.

In Vivo Comparison of Synthetic Macroporous Filamentous and Sponge-like Skin Substitute Matrices Reveals Morphometric Features of the Foreign Body Reaction According to 3D Biomaterial Designs.

Synthetic macroporous biomaterials are widely used in the field of skin tissue engineering to mimic membrane functions of the native dermis. Biomaterial designs can be subclassified with respect to their shape in fibrous designs, namely fibers, meshes or fleeces, respectively, and porous designs, such as sponges and foams. However, synthetic matrices often have limitations regarding unfavorable foreign body responses (FBRs).

Loss of MMP-27 Predicts Mandibular Bone Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Invasion of the mandibular bone is frequent in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which often results in extensive ablative and reconstructive procedures for the patient. The purpose of this single-center, retrospective study was to identify and evaluate potential biomarkers and risk factors for bone invasion in OSCC. Initially, gene expression analysis was performed for different HNSCC tumor T-stages to find factors associated with invasive (T4a) tumor growth.

Ready for Vaccination? COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness of Older People in Austria.

In spite of findings highlighting higher health risk from infection compared to younger people, a certain percentage of older people in Austria still lack a valid vaccination certificate. The current gaps in vaccination coverage in countries such as Austria are likely to be in large part due to vaccination refusal and pose or will pose problems for the health system and consequently for all of society should the initial findings on Omicron coronavirus infectivity prove true. Surprisingly, only a few studies around the globe explicitly address older people's COVID-19 vaccination willingness.

Systemic therapy of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma: a systematic review.

Background: Even though a plethora of systemic therapies have been proposed for necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG), there is no systematic review on this topic in literature.

Objective: To review all existing literature on the systemic therapy of NXG in order to identify the most effective therapies.

Methods: All reported papers in the literature were screened for systemic treatments of NXG.

Expression of Proton-Sensitive GPR31, GPR151, TASK1 and TASK3 in Common Skin Tumors.

TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channels TASK1 and TASK3, as well as the G-protein-coupled receptors GPR31 and GPR151, are proton-sensitive membrane proteins. They can be activated or inhibited by low extracellular pH (pHe), which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. However, the role of these channels in the development of skin tumors is still unclear.

Expression Profiles of ASIC1/2 and TRPV1/4 in Common Skin Tumors.

The acid-sensing ion channels ASIC1 and ASIC2, as well as the transient receptor potential vanilloid channels TRPV1 and TRPV4, are proton-gated cation channels that can be activated by low extracellular pH (pH), which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment in solid tumors. However, the role of these channels in the development of skin tumors is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles of ASIC1, ASIC2, TRPV1 and TRPV4 in malignant melanoma (MM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and in nevus cell nevi (NCN).

Heat-Inactivation of Human Serum Destroys C1 Inhibitor, Pro-motes Immune Complex Formation, and Improves Human T Cell Function.

Heat-inactivation of sera is used to reduce possible disturbing effects of complement factors in cell-culture experiments, but it is controversially discussed whether this procedure is appropriate or could be neglected. Here, we report a strong impact of heat-inactivation of human sera on the activation and effector functions of human CD4+ T cells. While T cells cultured with native sera were characterized by a higher proliferation rate and higher expression of CD28, heat-inactivated sera shaped T cells towards on-blast formation, higher cytokine secretion (interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17), stronger CD69 and PD-1 expression, and increased metabolic activity.

Recurrent necrotizing cellulitis, multi-organ autoimmune disease and humoral immunodeficiency due to a novel NFKB1 frameshift mutation.

Background: Mutations in NFKB1(nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1) are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms, including lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, arthralgia, recurrent respiratory tract infections and post-operative necrotizing cellulitis.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of a 47-year-old man, who presented with deep necrotizing cellulitis after incision of a submucous abscess by a dentist. Surgical intervention led to a massive progress.

Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors.

The proton-sensing GPCRs (pH-GPCRs) GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T-cell death associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1), and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein) are involved in sensing and transducing changes in extracellular pH (pH). Extracellular acidification is a central hallmark of solid cancer. pH-GPCR function has been associated with cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and metastasis, as well as with modulation of the immune system.

pH sensing in skin tumors: Methods to study the involvement of GPCRs, acid-sensing ion channels and transient receptor potential vanilloid channels.

Solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH gradient with increased intracellular pH (pH ) and decreased extracellular pH (pH ). This inside-out pH gradient is generated via sodium/hydrogen antiporter 1, vacuolar-type H + ATPases, monocarboxylate transporters, (bi)carbonate (co)transporters and carboanhydrases. Our knowledge on how pH -signals are sensed and what the respective receptors induce inside cells is scarce.

Adipose Tissue in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis Shows Features of Brown/Beige Fat.

Introduction: Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) (syn.: Launois-Bensaude Syndrome, benign symmetric lipomatosis) is a rare disease of fatty tissue. The pathophysiology of MSL still remains unclear, although several approaches have been described in order to understand it.