Experimental hypertension triggers varicosis-like maladaptive venous remodeling through activator protein-1.

An increase in circumferential wall tension (CWT) is an important determinant of vascular remodeling during hypertension or arteriosclerosis but also arteriogenesis. Although pivotal for such processes, the effect of this biomechanical force on venous remodeling has not yet been delineated. To this end, we raised the filling pressure in veins of the mouse auricle, which led to a 2.

Treatment of hemodynamic insufficiency in chronic CCA occlusion using a short saphenous vein interposition graft: diagnostic and technical considerations. An illustrative case report.

Extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery has been shown to reverse hemodynamic insufficiency on the basis of steno-occlusive disease of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery. In contrast, chronic occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) without extracranial donor vessels affords alternative revascularization procedures as well as a more elaborate preoperative workup. This case is intended to illustrate the specific diagnostic approach and considerations as well as a beneficial treatment modality in the setting of pronounced hemodynamic insufficiency as a consequence of a CCA occlusion, in conjunction with contralateral CCA and ICA stenoses.

Lack of elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from C-cells. A wide variety of tumor markers including calcitonin (CT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and chromogranin A are produced by MTC. Surgery remains the only potentially curative therapy, and early detection of the primary remains the most important prognostic factor for a positive outcome for the patient.