Migrants and Refugees in Europe: Challenges, Experiences and Contributions.

Due to the current geopolitical situation more refugees from crisis countries were and will be treated in Europe. In 2015 the number of displaced people reached an unprecedented level, with more than one million crossing into Europe. The migration itself can impair both mental and physical health.

Age-dependent normative values for differential luminance sensitivity in automated static perimetry using the Octopus 101.

Purpose: To determine age-dependent normative differential threshold values for the Octopus 101 instrument and to create a smooth mathematical model characterizing the age-dependency and asymmetry of the hill of vision.

Methods: Static automated perimetry within the central 30 degrees visual field (VF) was conducted with the Octopus 101 (background luminance 10 cd/m(2)) in 81 eyes of 81 ophthalmologically healthy subjects (11-12 per decade of age) aged 10-79 years. A 4-2-2 staircase strategy with three reversals was run.

The normal age-corrected and reaction time-corrected isopter derived by semi-automated kinetic perimetry.

Purpose: To determine the increase in isopter extent, resulting from the measurement of, and correction for, individual reaction time (RT; the latency between stimulus presentation and individual patient response), derived under the standardized conditions of semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP), and to model the age- and RT-corrected normative isopter values for SKP applicable to any Goldmann stimulus combination.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Participants: Eighty-three healthy participants aged 10 to 80 years (11-12 participants per decade of age).