Novel Injectable Nerve Stimulation Electrode Placed on the Dorsal Root Ganglion Using an Extravertebral Approach: A Feasibility Study in Cadavers.

Background: Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRGS) is an established method for treating persistent and severe pain conditions. However, performing DRGS has significant challenges. Current DRGS systems are expensive, hindering accessibility for many patients and health care systems.

Removal Forces of a Helical Microwire Structure Electrode.

(1) Background: Medical devices, especially neuromodulation devices, are often explanted for a variety of reasons. The removal process imparts significant forces on these devices, which may result in device fracture and tissue trauma. We hypothesized that a device's form factor interfacing with tissue is a major driver of the force required to remove a device, and we isolated helical and linear electrode structures as a means to study atraumatic removal.

Computational modeling of dorsal root ganglion stimulation using an Injectrode.

Minimally invasive neuromodulation therapies like the Injectrode, which is composed of a tightly wound polymer-coated Platinum/Iridium microcoil, offer a low-risk approach for administering electrical stimulation to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). This flexible electrode is aimed to conform to the DRG. The stimulation occurs through a transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) patch, which subsequently transmits the stimulation to the Injectrode via a subcutaneous metal collector.

Computational modeling of dorsal root ganglion stimulation using an Injectrode.

Objective: Minimally invasive neuromodulation therapies like the Injectrode, which is composed of a tightly wound polymer-coated platinum/iridium microcoil, offer a low-risk approach for administering electrical stimulation to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). This flexible electrode is aimed to conform to the DRG. The stimulation occurs through a transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) patch, which subsequently transmits the stimulation to the Injectrode via a subcutaneous metal collector.

GDF15 Mediates the Effect of Skeletal Muscle Contraction on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion.

Unlabelled: Exercise is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes and preserves β-cell function by hitherto unknown mechanisms. We postulated that proteins from contracting skeletal muscle may act as cellular signals to regulate pancreatic β-cell function. We used electric pulse stimulation (EPS) to induce contraction in C2C12 myotubes and found that treatment of β-cells with EPS-conditioned medium enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS).

Ribonucleosides from tRNA in hyperglycemic mammalian cells and diabetic murine cardiac models.

Aims: Cardiomyopathy is a diabetic comorbidity with few molecular targets. To address this, we evaluated transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications in the diabetic heart because tRNA modifications have been implicated in diabetic etiologies.

Main Methods: tRNA was isolated from aorta, apex, and atrial tissue of healthy and diabetic murine hearts and related hyperglycemic cell models.

Stimulation of the dorsal root ganglion using an Injectrode.

. The goal of this work was to compare afferent fiber recruitment by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation using an injectable polymer electrode (Injectrode) and a more traditional cylindrical metal electrode..

Recruitment of Primary Afferents by Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation using the Injectrode.

Chronic pain affects millions of people in the United States and pharmacological treatments have been ineffective. Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation is a neuromodulation method that delivers electrical stimulation to the DRG to relieve pain. DRG electrodes are rigid and cylindrical.

BAM15-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling protects against obesity and improves glycemic control.

Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Despite this, current strategies for the treatment of obesity remain ineffective at achieving long-term weight control. This is due, in part, to difficulties in identifying tolerable and efficacious small molecules or biologics capable of regulating systemic nutrient homeostasis.

Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Does short-duration, high-intensity exercise training that combines functional aerobic and resistance exercises into training sessions lasting 8-20 min benefit individuals with type 2 diabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Functional high-intensity training improves insulin sensitivity and reduces cardiometabolic risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes. This type of exercise training may be an effective exercise mode for managing type 2 diabetes. The increase in insulin sensitivity addresses a key defect in type 2 diabetes.

In vitro contraction protects against palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes.

We are interested in understanding mechanisms that govern the protective role of exercise against lipid-induced insulin resistance, a key driver of type 2 diabetes. In this context, cell culture models provide a level of abstraction that aid in our understanding of cellular physiology. Here we describe the development of an in vitro myotube contraction system that provides this protective effect, and which we have harnessed to investigate lipid-induced insulin resistance.

The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Exercise is typically one of the first management strategies advised for patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Together with diet and behavior modification, exercise is an essential component of all diabetes and obesity prevention and lifestyle intervention programs. Exercise training, whether aerobic or resistance training or a combination, facilitates improved glucose regulation.

Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by reductions in β-cell function and insulin secretion on the background of elevated insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise has been shown to improve β-cell function, despite a subset of T2D patients displaying "exercise resistance." Further investigations into the effectiveness of alternate forms of exercise on β-cell function in the T2D patient population are needed.

Notch-mediated patterning and cell fate allocation of pancreatic progenitor cells.

Early pancreatic morphogenesis is characterized by the transformation of an uncommitted pool of pancreatic progenitor cells into a branched pancreatic epithelium that consists of 'tip' and 'trunk' domains. These domains have distinct molecular signatures and differentiate into distinct pancreatic cell lineages. Cells at the branched tips of the epithelium develop into acinar cells, whereas cells in the trunk subcompartment differentiate into endocrine and duct cells.