From trench mouth to noma: Experiences from Nazi extermination camps.

Trench mouth, as it occurred especially in World War I in soldiers, is a necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) in people who have poor oral hygiene, malnutrition, vitamin deficiency, a smoking history, and psychic stress. When not treated properly, this condition can lead to noma. NUG and noma are mainly seen today in severely malnourished, poorly cared for, and immunocompromised children in extremely poor living conditions, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa.

An early description of Crouzon syndrome in a manuscript written in 1828 by Franz Joseph Gall.

Just a few weeks before his death in 1828, Franz Joseph Gall, the father of what others would later call phrenology, wrote a letter to an unknown person, presumably a fellow physician. The manuscript describes the case of girl, 19 months of age. The girl's skull showed marked deformations consistent with what would be called craniosynostosis or Crouzon('s) syndrome by physicians today.