Maternal Education Potentially Moderates the uVNTR Effects on Externalizing Behavior in Black South African Children.

Interactions between the uVNTR and rearing environment are suggested to influence the developmental manifestations of childhood internalizing and externalizing behavior. However, few studies in the literature have included continental African children, or focused on non-clinical samples. We explored the main and interactive effects of the uVNTR (high and low activity alleles) in Black South African male ( = 478) and female ( = 540) children who were part of the longitudinal Birth to Twenty Plus cohort.