Dietary nitrate does not reduce oxygen cost of exercise or improve muscle mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial myopathy.

Muscle weakness and exercise intolerance negatively affect the quality of life of patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Short-term dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to improve exercise performance and reduce oxygen cost of exercise in healthy humans and trained athletes. We investigated whether 1 wk of dietary inorganic nitrate supplementation decreases the oxygen cost of exercise and improves mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial myopathy.

Impaired muscle strength may contribute to fatigue in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (a-SAH) show long-term fatigue and face difficulties in resuming daily physical activities. Impaired muscle strength, especially of the lower extremity, impacts the performance of daily activities and may trigger the onset of fatigue complaints. The present study evaluated knee muscle strength and fatigue in patients with a-SAH.

Heart-Rate Variability Threshold as an Alternative for Spiro-Ergometry Testing: A Validation Study.

Mankowski, RT, Michael, S, Rozenberg, R, Stokla, S, Stam, HJ, and Praet, SFE. Heart-rate variability threshold as an alternative for spiro-ergometry testing: a validation study. J Strength Cond Res 31(2): 474-479, 2017-Although spiro-ergometry is the established "gold standard" for determination of the second ventilatory threshold (VT2), it is a costly and rather time-consuming method.

Hyperoxia increases arterial oxygen pressure during exercise in type 2 diabetes patients: a feasibility study.

Objective: The study investigated the feasibility and potential outcome measures during acute hyperoxia in type 2 diabetes patients (DM2).

Methods: Eleven DM2 patients (7 men and 4 women) were included in the study. The patients cycled (30 min at 20% Wmax) whilst breathing three different supplemental oxygen flows (SOF, 5, 10, 15 L min(-1)).

Safety and efficacy of exercise training in adults with Pompe disease: evalution of endurance, muscle strength and core stability before and after a 12 week training program.

Background: Pompe disease is a proximal myopathy. We investigated whether exercise training is a safe and useful adjuvant therapy for adult Pompe patients, receiving enzyme replacement therapy.

Methods: Training comprised 36 sessions of standardized aerobic, resistance and core stability exercises over 12 weeks.

Achilles tendons in people with type 2 diabetes show mildly compromised structure: an ultrasound tissue characterisation study.

Background: Musculotendinous overuse injuries are prevalent in people with type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycosylation of collagen resulting in tendon stiffening may play a role. In this case-control study we determined whether patients with diabetes had poorer ultrasonographic structure in their Achilles tendons compared to age-matched controls.

Exercise training in adults with Pompe disease: the effects on pain, fatigue, and functioning.

Objective: To assess if a 12-week exercise intervention to improve aerobic fitness, muscle strength, and core stability also had an impact on fatigue, pain, activity, and participation in adults with Pompe disease, an inherited neuromuscular disorder.

Design: Open-label trial. Change was assessed by the chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Life-long endurance running is associated with reduced glycation and mechanical stress in connective tissue.

Life-long regular endurance exercise is known to counteract the deterioration of cardiovascular and metabolic function and overall mortality. Yet it remains unknown if life-long regular endurance exercise can influence the connective tissue accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that is associated with aging and lifestyle-related diseases. We therefore examined two groups of healthy elderly men: 15 master athletes (64 ± 4 years) who had been engaged in life-long endurance running and 12 old untrained (66 ± 4 years) together with two groups of healthy young men; ten young athletes matched for running distance (26 ± 4 years), and 12 young untrained (24 ± 3 years).

Functional outcome after successful internal fixation versus salvage arthroplasty of patients with a femoral neck fracture.

Objectives: To determine patient independency, health-related and disease-specific quality of life (QOL), gait pattern, and muscle strength in patients after salvage arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture.

Design: Secondary cohort study to a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Multicenter trial in the Netherlands, including 14 academic and nonacademic hospitals.

Performance related factors are the main determinants of the von Willebrand factor response to exhaustive physical exercise.

Background: Physical stress triggers the endothelium to release von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from the Weibel Palade bodies. Since VWF is a risk factor for arterial thrombosis, it is of great interest to discover determinants of VWF response to physical stress. We aimed to determine the main mediators of the VWF increase by exhaustive physical exercise.

Femoral neck shortening after internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture.

This study assesses femoral neck shortening and its effect on gait pattern and muscle strength in patients with femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation. Seventy-six patients from a multicenter randomized controlled trial participated. Patient characteristics and Short Form 12 and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were collected.

Myofibrillar distribution of succinate dehydrogenase activity and lipid stores differs in skeletal muscle tissue of paraplegic subjects.

Lack of physical activity has been related to an increased risk of developing insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic muscle deconditioning on whole body insulin sensitivity, muscle oxidative capacity, and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content in subjects with paraplegia. Nine subjects with paraplegia and nine able-bodied, lean controls were recruited.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is highly prevalent throughout the day in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aim: Although postprandial hyperglycemia is recognized as an important target in type 2 diabetes treatment, information on the prevalence of postprandial hyperglycemia throughout the day is limited. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of hyperglycemia throughout the day in type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls under standardized dietary, but otherwise free-living conditions.

Methods: 60 male type 2 diabetes patients (HbA(1c) 7.

Exercise therapy in type 2 diabetes.

Structured exercise is considered an important cornerstone to achieve good glycemic control and improve cardiovascular risk profile in Type 2 diabetes. Current clinical guidelines acknowledge the therapeutic strength of exercise intervention. This paper reviews the wide pathophysiological problems associated with Type 2 diabetes and discusses the benefits of exercise therapy on phenotype characteristics, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk profile in Type 2 diabetes patients.

Optimizing the therapeutic benefits of exercise in Type 2 diabetes.

Other than diet and medication, exercise is considered one of the three cornerstones of good diabetes treatment. Nevertheless, current clinical guidelines on Type 2 diabetes provide no detailed information on the modalities of effective exercise intervention in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Based on a review of currently available literature, exercise modalities are being identified to maximize the benefits of exercise intervention in the treatment of different Type 2 diabetes subpopulations.

Influence of acute exercise on hyperglycemia in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: The impact of exercise on blood glucose homeostasis has not been assessed in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients receiving exogenous insulin treatment.

Purpose: To study the effects of an acute bout of exercise on the subsequent 24-h blood glucose excursions under free-living conditions in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: Eleven male type 2 diabetes patients (59 +/- 2 yr) performed an acute bout of exercise.

Glycaemic instability is an underestimated problem in Type II diabetes.

The aim of the present study was to assess the level of glycaemic control by the measurement of 24 h blood glucose profiles and standard blood analyses under identical nutritional and physical activity conditions in patients with Type II diabetes and healthy normoglycaemic controls. A total of 11 male patients with Type II diabetes and 11 healthy matched controls participated in a 24 h CGMS (continuous subcutaneous glucose-monitoring system) assessment trial under strictly standardized dietary and physical activity conditions. In addition, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HbA(1c) (glycated haemoglobin) concentrations were measured, and an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) was performed to calculate indices of whole-body insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance and/or glycaemic control.

The influence of shoe design on plantar pressures in neuropathic feet.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of shoe design on the plantar pressure dynamics of patients with diabetic neuropathy during walking.

Research Design And Methods: Three shoe design categories were tested. Total contact area and biomechanical variables in multiple areas under the foot were measured.