Does Palatoplasty Technique Impact Resolution of Eustachian Tube Dysfunction?

Objective: To determine whether palatoplasty technique affects the resolution of eustachian tube dysfunction and postoperative speech outcomes in children with cleft palate (CP).

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Multidisciplinary cleft and craniofacial clinic at a tertiary care center.

[State of digitalization in dermatopathology].

As in general pathology, digitalization is also inexorably making its way into dermatopathology. This article examines the current state of digitalization in German dermatopathology laboratories based on the authors' own experiences, the current study situation, and a survey of members of the Dermatological Histology Working Group (ADH). Experiences with the establishment of a digital laboratory workflow, artificial intelligence (AI)-based assistance systems, and whole slide images (WSI)-based training programs are discussed.

Primary cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma with EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2 fusion: four new cases with distinctive morphology, immunophenotypic, and genetic profile.

EWSR1/FUS::TFCP2-rearranged rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare tumor with an aggressive clinical course, a predilection for craniofacial bones, spindled and/or epithelioid histomorphology, and positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) for epithelial and myogenic markers, along with variable ALK expression. Herein, we present four additional cases of primary cutaneous TFCP2-rearranged RMS. Notably, one tumor (case 1) displayed a varied pathological spectrum, initially presenting as a low-grade spindle cell neoplasm, but progressed into a high-grade spindle/epithelioid tumor.

New horizons in dermatological education: Skin cancer screening with virtual reality.

Background: Technological advances in the field of virtual reality (VR) offer new opportunities in many areas of life, including medical education. The University of Münster has been using VR scenarios in the education of medical students for several years, especially for situations that are difficult to reproduce in reality (e.g.

A 3-dimensional histology computer model of malignant melanoma and its implications for digital pathology.

Background: Historically, cancer diagnoses have been made by pathologists using two-dimensional histological slides. However, with the advent of digital pathology and artificial intelligence, slides are being digitised, providing new opportunities to integrate their information. Since nature is 3-dimensional (3D), it seems intuitive to digitally reassemble the 3D structure for diagnosis.

Lives of Skin Lesions in Monkeypox: Histomorphological, Immunohistochemical, and Clinical Correlations in a Small Case Series.

Monkeypox (mpox), a former rare viral zoonosis, has increasingly made it into the public eye since the major outbreak that started in May 2022. Mpox presents with skin lesions that change over time and go through different stages (macular, papular, pustular, and early and late ulceration). In this study, we evaluated skin biopsies of all stages.

Histology-based classifier to distinguish early mycosis fungoides from atopic dermatitis.

Background: Histopathological differentiation of early mycosis fungoides (MF) from benign chronic inflammatory dermatoses remains difficult and often impossible, despite the inclusion of all available diagnostic parameters.

Objective: To identify the most impactful histological criteria for a predictive diagnostic model to discriminate MF from atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: In this multicentre study, two cohorts of patients with either unequivocal AD or MF were evaluated by two independent dermatopathologists.

Comparison of Complication Rates Between Subpectoral vs Prepectoral Techniques in Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction.

Background: The location of tissue expanders in implant-based breast reconstruction remains controversial due to variation in surgical techniques and devices.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive assessment of early and late complication rates between prepectoral and subpectoral placement of tissue expanders.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all adult female patients who had undergone 2-stage implant-based breast reconstruction between 2013 and 2019 in our institution.

Immunothrombotic Mechanisms Induced by Ingenol Mebutate Lead to Rapid Necrosis and Clearance of Anogenital Warts.

Ingenol mebutate (IM) is highly effective in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced anogenital warts (AGW) leading to fast ablation within hours. However, the exact mode of action is still largely unknown. We performed dermoscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy (CLM), histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to gain insights in mechanisms of IM treatment in AGW.

[Digitalization in dermatopathology].

The histomorphological analysis of tissue sections by specially trained dermatopathologists is a central component for making the dermatological diagnosis. It is the foundation for the understanding of clinical aspects, pathophysiology and not least the treatment of skin diseases and is therefore an essential part of modern dermatology. New technological developments in recent years offer a variety of possibilities to digitalize dermatopathology, which could significantly change and even revolutionize the work of dermatopathologists in the coming years; however, like any new development there are limiting factors and open questions that need to be discussed.

[Skin manifestations of COVID-19 and after COVID-19 vaccination].

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a systemic disease induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that frequently presents with skin manifestations. The five most common skin lesions are pseudo-chilblain and maculopapular, urticarial, vesicular, and livedo/necrotizing skin lesions. These skin lesions are of diagnostic and prognostic relevance.

ExAID: A multimodal explanation framework for computer-aided diagnosis of skin lesions.

Background And Objectives: One principal impediment in the successful deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems in everyday clinical workflows is their lack of transparent decision-making. Although commonly used eXplainable AI (XAI) methods provide insights into these largely opaque algorithms, such explanations are usually convoluted and not readily comprehensible. The explanation of decisions regarding the malignancy of skin lesions from dermoscopic images demands particular clarity, as the underlying medical problem definition is ambiguous in itself.

Derazantinib: an investigational drug for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: This review evaluates the clinical role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) inhibition with derazantinib in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) harboring actionable oncogenic fusions/rearrangements, mutations and amplifications. FGFR inhibitors such as derazantinib are currently being evaluated to address the unmet medical need of patients with previously treated, locally advanced or metastatic iCCA harboring such genetic aberrations.

Areas Covered: We summarize the pharmacokinetics, and the emerging safety and efficacy data of the investigational FGFR inhibitor derazantinib.

Skin cancer classification via convolutional neural networks: systematic review of studies involving human experts.

Background: Multiple studies have compared the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for automated skin cancer classification to human experts, thus setting the cornerstone for a successful translation of AI-based tools into clinicopathological practice.

Objective: The objective of the study was to systematically analyse the current state of research on reader studies involving melanoma and to assess their potential clinical relevance by evaluating three main aspects: test set characteristics (holdout/out-of-distribution data set, composition), test setting (experimental/clinical, inclusion of metadata) and representativeness of participating clinicians.

Methods: PubMed, Medline and ScienceDirect were screened for peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2021 and dealing with AI-based skin cancer classification involving melanoma.

Delayed skin reaction after mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a rare clinical reaction.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a wide clinical spectrum of skin manifestations, including urticarial, vesicular, vasculitic and chilblain-like lesions. Recently, delayed skin reactions have been reported in 1% individuals following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The exact pathophysiology and the risk factors still remain unclear.

Psoriasis on the Leg: Site-specific Histopathological and Immuno-histochemical Features and Diagnostic Difficulties.

The histopathology of psoriasis can lack classical features on certain anatomical sites. The aim of this study was to detail the histopathology and immunophenotype of psoriasis on the legs, in order to differentiate it from other inflammatory dermatoses, such as stasis dermatitis. The histopathology of psoriasis on the legs was retrospectively compared with psoriasis on the trunk and stasis dermatitis.

Histopathological Spectrum and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Symmetrical Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthema.

Introduction: Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a clinically very well-defined drug eruption, but the histopathological findings are still considered to be nonspecific.

Objectives: To characterize the histopathological and immunophenotypical features of SDRIFE.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective study that identified 11 biopsies from 9 patients with SDRIFE.

EGFR/Ras-induced CCL20 production modulates the tumour microenvironment.

Background: The activation of the EGFR/Ras-signalling pathway in tumour cells induces a distinct chemokine repertoire, which in turn modulates the tumour microenvironment.

Methods: The effects of EGFR/Ras on the expression and translation of CCL20 were analysed in a large set of epithelial cancer cell lines and tumour tissues by RT-qPCR and ELISA in vitro. CCL20 production was verified by immunohistochemistry in different tumour tissues and correlated with clinical data.

Correction to: The AHR represses nucleotide excision repair and apoptosis and contributes to UV-induced skin carcinogenesis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.