Prognostic Value of Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rationale And Objectives: Recently, the Response Evaluation Using PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (RECIP 1.0) was proposed to better evaluate treatment response in prostate cancer patients using PET/CT with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) than more traditional approaches like metabolic PET evaluation response criteria in solid tumor (PERCIST 1.0).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound Guidance in Transthoracic Needle Biopsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies to assess the diagnostic accuracy and safety outcomes of ultrasound (US)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) for peripheral lung and pleural lesions.

Materials And Methods: A search was performed through Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central from inception up to September 23, 2022 for diagnostic accuracy studies reporting US-guided TTNB (Prospero registration: CRD42021225168). The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy, which was assessed by sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios (LR), and diagnostic odds ratio.

Baseline surveillance in Li Fraumeni syndrome using whole-body MRI: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Objectives: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a cancer syndrome associated with early-onset neoplasias. The use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) is recommended for regular cancer screening, however, evidence supporting the benefits in asymptomatic LFS patients is limited. This study aims to assess the clinical utility of WBMRI in germline TP53 mutation carriers at baseline and follow-up.

Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using the Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) Scoring System to Detect Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Prostate Imaging for Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) was introduced in 2021 to standardize the interpretation and reporting of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prostate cancer following whole-gland treatment. The system scores image on a scale from 1 to 5 and has shown promising results in single-center studies. The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the diagnostic performance of the PI-RR system in predicting the likelihood of local recurrence after whole-gland treatment.

Comparison of Multiparametric MRI and the Combination of PSMA Plus MRI for the Intraprostatic Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the combination of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET plus MRI (PSMA + MRI) for detecting intraprostatic clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa).

Patients And Methods: Relevant databases were searched through November 2023. Only studies directly comparing mpMRI and PSMA + MRI (PET/MRI or PET/CT + mpMRI) were included.

Computed tomography versus ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Some patients undergo both computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) sequentially as part of the same evaluation for acute cholecystitis (AC). Our goal was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic performance of US and CT in the diagnosis of AC.

Materials And Methods: Databases were searched for relevant published studies through November 2023.

Chronic Chest Computed Tomography Findings Following COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Respiratory symptoms are a frequent manifestation of patients with post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as long-COVID. Many cohorts of predominantly hospitalized patients have shown that a significant subset may have persistent chest computed tomography findings for more than 12 months after the acute infection. Proper understanding of the evolving long-term imaging findings and terminology is crucial for accurate imaging interpretation and patient care.

Appropriateness and imaging outcomes of ultrasound, CT, and MR in the emergency department: a retrospective analysis from an urban academic center.

Purpose: To evaluate the appropriateness and outcomes of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) orders in the ED.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive US, CT, and MR orders for adult ED patients at a tertiary care urban academic center from January to March 2019. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria (ACRAC) guidelines were primarily used to classify imaging orders as "appropriate" or "inappropriate".

Diagnostic Performance of MRI for the Detection of Pulmonary Nodules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose To perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of MRI for the detection of pulmonary nodules, with use of CT as the reference standard. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other databases were systematically searched for studies published from January 2000 to March 2023 evaluating the performance of MRI for diagnosis of lung nodules measuring 4 mm or larger, with CT as reference. Studies including micronodules, nodules without size stratification, or those from which data for contingency tables could not be extracted were excluded.

Detection of Liver Lesions in Colorectal Cancer Patients Using F-FDG PET/CT Dual-Time-Point Scan Imaging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dual-time-point fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) compared to conventional early imaging for detecting colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods: One hundred twenty-four consecutive CRC patients underwent dual-time-point imaging scans on a retrospective basis. Histopathological confirmation and/or clinical follow-up were accepted as the gold standard.

Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Versus Invasive Coronary Angiography in Stable Chest Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The efficacy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) versus invasive coronary angiography (ICA) among patients with stable chest pain has been studied in several trials with conflicting results.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing CCTA first versus direct ICA among patients with stable chest pain, who were initially referred to ICA. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the 2 strategies.

Split scar sign to predict complete response in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for rectal cancer initial staging and restaging after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the split scar sign (SSS) on rectal MRI in predicting complete response after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant published studies through June 2023.

Natural Language Processing for the Identification of Incidental Lung Nodules in Computed Tomography Reports: A Quality Control Tool.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a natural language processing (NLP) model in detecting incidental lung nodules (ILNs) in unstructured chest computed tomography (CT) reports.

Methods: All unstructured consecutive reports of chest CT scans performed at a tertiary hospital between 2020 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 21,542) to train the NLP tool. Internal validation was performed using reference readings by two radiologists of both CT scans and reports, using a different external cohort of 300 chest CT scans.

MRI with DWI improves detection of liver metastasis and selection of surgical candidates with pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) adds value compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) alone in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant published studies through October 2022. Studies met eligibility criteria if they evaluated the per-patient diagnostic performance of MRI with DWI in the preoperative evaluation of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer compared to CECT.

Imaging Findings in Aspergillosis: From Head to Toe.

Aspergillosis is a mycotic infection induced by airborne fungi that are ubiquitous. Inhalation of Aspergillus conidia results in transmission through the respiratory tract. The clinical presentation is dependent on organism and host specifics, with immunodeficiency, allergies, and preexisting pulmonary disease constituting the most important risk factors.

Machine learning for malignant versus benign focal liver lesions on US and CEUS: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: To perform a meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of learning (ML) algorithms (conventional and deep learning algorithms) for the classification of malignant versus benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) on US and CEUS.

Methods: Available databases were searched for relevant published studies through September 2022. Studies met eligibility criteria if they evaluate the diagnostic performance of ML for the classification of malignant and benign focal liver lesions on US and CEUS.

Artificial Intelligence for Cardiothoracic Imaging: Overview of Current and Emerging Applications.

Artificial intelligence algorithms can learn by assimilating information from large datasets in order to decipher complex associations, identify previously undiscovered pathophysiological states, and construct prediction models. There has been tremendous interest and increased incorporation of artificial intelligence into various industries, including healthcare. As a result, there has been an exponential rise in the number of research articles and industry participants producing models intended for a variety of applications in medical imaging, which can be challenging to navigate for radiologists.

Ambulatory oxygen therapy in lung transplantation candidates with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis referred for pulmonary rehabilitation.

Objective: To determine independent factors related to the use of oxygen and the oxygen flow rate in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients placed on a lung transplant waitlist and undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).

Methods: This was a retrospective quasi-experimental study presenting functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) data from lung transplant candidates with IPF referred for PR and receiving ambulatory oxygen therapy. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the oxygen flow rate: 0 L/min (the control group), 1-3 L/min, and 4-5 L/min.

Antifibrotic therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis candidates for lung transplantation undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation.

Objective: To investigate the impact of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on functional outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients placed on a lung transplant waitlist and receiving antifibrotic therapy (AFT).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of consecutive IPF patients receiving AFT with either pirfenidone or nintedanib (the AFT group) and undergoing PR between January of 2018 and March of 2020. The AFT group and the control group (i.

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance elastography and point-shear wave elastography for significant hepatic fibrosis screening: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The hepatic diseases are extremely common in clinical practice. The correct classification of liver fibrosis is extremely important, as it influences therapy and predicts disease outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of point-shear wave elastography (pSWE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the hepatic fibrosis diagnostic.

CT imaging findings in lung transplant recipients with COVID-19.

Objectives: Our goal was to compare the chest computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients (LTR) and a group of non-transplanted controls (NTC).

Methods: This retrospective study included 51 consecutive LTR hospitalized with COVID-19 from two centers. A total of 75 NTC were included for comparison.