[Phacoemulsification: technical initiation at what price?].

Phacoemulsification of the cataract is perhaps technically superior which is considered "classic". This technic consists however of a number of difficulties that may be mastered during an apprentiship. Considerable complications may arise during this initiation periods; imposing this surgical method on patients is thus an ethical problem.

[Strabismus induced by peripheral vestibular lesions].

Little attention has been paid in the ophthalmological literature to strabismus resulting from lesions located in the peripheral vestibular system. However, this phenomenon is commonly encountered in clinical practice. As a rule, this kind of strabismus shows a prominent vertical component.

[Immunolocalization of fodrin in the retina of vertebrates].

Fodrin, a member of the spectrin family, is abundantly found in brain and lens. Based on its often observed peripheral cellular distribution, it is generally believed that fodrin - like other spectrins - participates in the linkage of membrane components to cytoskeletal elements providing their anchorage to distinct, highly specialized membrane regions. To investigate the role of fodrin in the vertebrate (amphibian) retina, we have produced polyclonal antibodies in rabbits against fodrin purified from veal lens.

[Characteristics of the temporal resolution of signals in the visual analyzer in the rabbit].

Biopotentials of the retina (ERG), optic tract, lateral geniculate body and visual cortex were recorded in response to repeated photostimulation within the range of 0.1 to 50 c/s and to paired flashes with an interval of 15 to 200 ms between them, to characterize summating and discriminating properties of the rabbit visual system in conditions of photopic and scotopic adaptation. A heterogeneity of studied structures was shown in their ability to temporal signals resolution, though quantitatively the differences were not great.

[Effect of motor activity on the development of arrhythmia in experimental emotional stress].

Studies on monkeys and rabbits have shown that the experimental emotional stress can produce various disorders of cardiac rhythm: sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular extrasystoles and paroxysmal ventricular tachysystoles. In these conditions the adrenaline content in the blood and myocardium is increased 3-4 times, the noradrenaline level is raised in the blood and decreased in the myocardium. Moderate motor activity leads to a relative decrease of adrenaline in the myocardium and arrest of cardiac arrhythmias.

[Effectiveness of commercial polyvalent proteinase inhibitors. Use of gordox in vascular surgery].

Effect of hordox on activity of the kallikrein-prekallikrein system was studied in blood plasma of patients with stenosis of abdominal aorta during the reconstructive operation and in patients with septic complications after the open-heart operation. These impairments were accompanied by a distinct increase in kallikrein activity with simultaneous decrease in prekallikrein content, suggesting activation of the kininogenase system; the kallikrein activity was normalized in patients treated with the inhibitor. The highest efficiency of the inhibitor was observed in patients with stenosis of abdominal aorta; in patients with septic complications it was 4-fold less effective.

[Effectiveness of commercial polyvalent proteinase inhibitors. Comparative analysis of their effect on kallikreins from different sources and trypsin].

Polyvalent peptide-protein inhibitors of proteinases trasilol, contrical, hordox and pantrypine were studied using purified preparations of kallikreins from human blood plasma and hog pancreas as well as of trypsin. All the trade grade preparations of the inhibitors studied exhibited more distinct affinity to trypsin and tissue kallikrein as compared with blood plasma kallikrein. Trasilol inhibited most effectively the activity of trypsin, contrical--of pancreatic kallikrein.

[Sympathetic-adrenal and enterochromaffin systems and homeostatic indices in open-heart surgical operations under morphine anesthesia].

Catecholamine, serotonin and histamine metabolism and the level of acid metabolites and the activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and catalse in blood were studied in patients with congenital heart disease who were operated on under conditions of extracorporeal circulation and morphine anesthesia. The results obtained were compared with the values of acid-base balance, haemodynamics and volume of diuresis. It wwas found that the period of morphine induction was marked by a significant increase in the blood plasma noradrenalin content in the absence of essential changes in the other biochemical and hemodynamic indices studied.

[Aspects of a study of the blood enzymatic and isoenzymatic spectrum in different forms of ischemic heart disease].

Analysis of data obtained in the study of the blood enzymatic and isoenzymatic spectra (creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase with simulatenous study of aspartate and alanine transaminases) in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease showed the close correlation of the studied tests with the clinical picture of the disease, the degree and depth of myocardial involvement. The enzymatic tests studied are of diagnostic and prognostic importance and may be used in the differential diagnosis of various forms of ischemic heart disease.

[Cardiac arrhythmias of hypothalamic origin].

It was established in chronic rabbit experiments that periodical prolonged electric stimulation of the hypothalamic ventrolateral nucleus may induce, besides tachycardia and ventricular extrasystole, episodes of cardiac fibrillation and sudden death from ventricular fibrillation. The development of cardiac fibrillation is associated with increased content of catecholamines in the blood and myocardium. It was also found that the energy-producing activity of the mitochondria and active ion transportation were impaired in the myocardium, the intracellular content of potassium and sodium was changed, and the ultrastructure of the heart muscle was markedly altered.

[Metabolic and structural characteristics of myocardial mitochondria in patient with acquired heart defects, operated on under conditions of artificial circulation].

Considering the significance of the unity distinguishing the level of aerobic energy generation in the myocardium, the morphological integrity of the mitochondrial membranes and the regulating influence exercised upon them by the hormones and mediators of the sympathoadrenal system the authors undertook a synchronous study of these factors in patients with rheumatic heart diseases when subjected to the cardiac valves prosthetics. These factors were found to play a key role in ensuring the contractility of the myocardium, this being confirmed by the results of clinico-biochemical comparisons. In a group of patients with dissociated processes of oxidative phosphorylation and a well-marked disintegration of membranous mitochondrial structures, as well as with a low adrenalin, noradrenaline and their precursors level in the myocardium, almost as a rule, in the early post-operative period there appeared symptoms of cardiac incompetence.

[Experimental and clinical study test of capreomycin].

Data on the experimental and clinical study of capreomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis are presented. It was shown that capreomycin had low activity with respect to the sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv in vitro and the respective infection caused by it in mice. The activity of capreomycin in vitro with respect to streptomycin resistant strains was the same as that with respect to the sensitive strains, while in vivo it increased 3 times.

[Nature of changes in the sympathico-adrenal system and certain indicators of homeostasis in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency during the process of surgical intervention].

A study of some aspects of homeostasis and hemodynamics in surgical interventions for chronic coronary insufficiency helped reveal a difference in the nature of their changes depending upon the severity of the course and outcomes of the operation. With the latter running an uneventful course there is observed, as a rule, a moderate rise of the blood catecholamines level and their abundant passage with urine, which appears as a prognostically favourable sign. In operations complicated by the "syndrome of low cardiac ejection" terminating lethally there was definable, on the contrary, a high blood catecholamines content in conjunction with their reduced passage with urine.

[Oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamine content and contractile function of the myocardium in patients with acquired heart defects, operated on under artificial circulation].

A simultaneous determination of oxidative phosphorylation, catecholamines content and contractile function of the myocardium was conducted in patients with acquired heart diseases operated under extracorporeal circulation. The degree of conjugation of the oxidative phosphorylation has been found to depend on the severity of the initial state of the patient, and on the conditions of the surgical intervention: duration of cardiopulmonary by-pass before the excision of the mitral valve, duration of cross-clamping of the aorta, and the temperature regiment of the perfusion. Besides, it has been found that the conjugated oxidative phosphorylation is associated with the presence of catecholamines in the myocardium, while the dissociation of these processes is accompanied by a sharp fall in the content of adrenalin, noradrenalin and dophamine.