CNS Tumors - clinical and radiological aspects.

Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) include primary tumors - itraaxial, growing from brain and spinal cord cells (neuroepithelial tumors) or extraaxial, growing from surrounding structures (brain and spinal cord, nerve sheaths, vascular structures, lymphatic tissue, germ cells, malformations, pituitary glands). Much more often they are located in the intracranial space a solitary or multiple metastatic spread of malignancy originating from another organ (eg lung, breast, malignant melanoma, Grawitzs tumor). The occurrence of metastases of solid tumors is then in the intraaxial or extraaxial region, leptomeningeal or dural.

Pencil-beam scanning proton therapy for the treatment of glomus jugulare tumours.

Introduction: Glomus jugulare tumours (GJT) are benign tumours that arise locally and destructively in the base of the skull and can be successfully treated with radiotherapy. Patients have a long-life expectancy and the late effects of radiotherapy can be serious. Proton radiotherapy reduces doses to critical organs and can reduce late side effects of radiotherapy.

Ultrahypofractionated Proton Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Low and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer-5-Year Outcomes.

Purpose: To analyze the 5-year biochemical disease-free survival (bDFS) and late toxicity profile in patients with prostate cancer treated with pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiation therapy.

Methods And Materials: Between January 2013 and March 2016, 284 patients with prostate cancer were treated using intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT), with an ultrahypofractionated schedule (36.25 GyE in 5 fractions).

The evolution of rectal and urinary toxicity and immune response in prostate cancer patients treated with two three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy techniques.

Background: Our research compared whole pelvic (WP) and prostate-only (PO) 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) techniques in terms of the incidence and evolution of acute and late toxicity of the rectum and urinary bladder, and identified the PTV-parameters influencing these damages and changes in antitumor immune response.

Methods: We analyzed 197 prostate cancer patients undergoing 3DCRT for gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities, and conducted a pilot immunological study including flow cytometry and an NK cell cytotoxicity assay. Acute and late toxicities were recorded according to the RTOG and the LENT-SOMA scales, respectively.