LRIG2 in contrast to LRIG1 predicts poor survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Background: The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) protein family comprises LRIG1, 2, and 3. LRIG1 negatively regulates growth factor signaling and is a proposed tumor suppressor. In early stage uterine cervical carcinoma, expression of LRIG1 is associated with good survival.

Discrepancies in expression and prognostic value of tumor markers in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer.

The expression of 11 tumor markers in 129 women with squamous cell compared to 31 women with adenomatous cervical cancer was investigated to detect differences in expression. There was a significantly higher expression of p53, CD4, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44 and stratifin in squamous cell, compared to adenocarcinoma, while there was a higher expression of c-myc in adenocarcinoma. P-53, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and c-myc significantly correlated to prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma, but none of the 11 investigated tumor markers had any prognostic value in adenocarcinomas.

Mutation of PIK3CA: possible risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis in older women.

PIK3CA encodes the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase, which regulates signaling pathways important for neoplasia, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Somatic mutations in this gene have been detected in several solid human tumors. We investigated these mutations in cervical carcinoma and its precursors, and their association with HPV infection and patient clinical data.

Pitfalls in immunohistochemical validation of tumor marker expression--exemplified in invasive cancer of the uterine cervix.

Objectives: To study if immunohistochemical expression of tumor markers as prognostic predictors is influenced by clinical stage, adjustments for expression of other tumor markers and histological type in cervical cancer.

Methods: The study included 129 women with squamous cell cancer and 29 women with adenocarcinomas. Expression of 9 tumor markers relevant for cervical cancer and selected to represent different mechanisms in carcinogenesis was analysed.

Differences in expression of tumor markers between pre- and postmenopausal women with invasive cervical cancer.

Unlabelled: THE AIM of the present study was to investigate the differences in the expression of tumor markers in squamous cell and in adenomatous carcinomas in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively.

Patients And Methods: The study population comprised 53 premenopausal and 107 postmenopausal women. Thirty-four tumors were adenomatous (n=31) or adenosquamous carcinomas (n=3), distributed between 13 premenopausal and 21 postmenopausal women.

LRIG1 and squamous epithelial uterine cervical cancer: correlation to prognosis, other tumor markers, sex steroid hormones, and smoking.

The aim is to evaluate LRIG1 as a prognosis predictor and correlations to cofactors in squamous cell cervical cancer. LRIG1 expression was studied in 128 cervical carcinomas and was compared with expression of nine other tumor markers. Smoking history was registered and pretreatment serum estradiol and progesterone levels were evaluated in 79 women.

Predicting the outcome of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix using combinations of individual tumor marker expressions.

Aim: To evaluate if combining the individual expression patterns of biomarkers targeting different molecular alterations in tumor development will improve prognosis prediction in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Patients And Methods: Ten-year follow-up results in 128 women with cervical cancer were compared to the expression of 10 relevant tumor markers, assessed with immunohistochemistry. The markers were selected to represent cell proliferation, tumor suppression, cell-cell adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation and immune response.

Associations between ten biological tumor markers in squamous cell cervical cancer and serum estradiol, serum progesterone and smoking.

Background And Aim: To study possible associations between selected tumor markers and co-factors in squamous cell cervical cancer.

Materials And Methods: Ten biological tumor markers representing different functions in carcinogenesis were diagnosed in 128 cases of squamous cell cervical cancer. These were p53, c-myc, EGFR, COX-2, CD4+, VEGF, E-cadherin, CD44, Ki-67 (MIB-1), and p27.

Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in cervical cancer: different roles in tumor progression.

The incidence of uterine cervical cancer has increased slightly in Western countries, with an increase in relatively young women. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 has turned out as a prognostic factor in many cancers. We compared the expression of the proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9 in cervical primary tumors with clinical outcome and risk factors of cervical cancer.

Placenta-derived soluble MHC class I chain-related molecules down-regulate NKG2D receptor on peripheral blood mononuclear cells during human pregnancy: a possible novel immune escape mechanism for fetal survival.

Mammalian pregnancy is an intriguing immunological phenomenon where the semiallogeneic fetus is not rejected. Tolerance toward the fetus involves a number of mechanisms associated with modifications of the immune status of the mother. In this study, we strongly suggest a novel mechanism for fetal evasion of maternal immune attack, based on the engagement and down-regulation of the activating NK cell receptor NKG2D on PBMC by soluble MHC class I chain-related proteins A and B (collectively termed MIC).

The clinicopathologic significance of laminin-5 gamma2 chain expression in cervical squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.

Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women in developing countries and the third most common type worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma predominates in the cervix uteri, while adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinomas represent about 10-15% of all cervical cancers. Many studies have confirmed that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important etiologic factor in the development of cervical cancer.

The biological role of smoking, oral contraceptive use and endogenous sexual steroid hormones in invasive squamous epithelial cervical cancer.

For at least twenty years, epidemiological studies have found a correlation between cervical neoplasia and smoking and oral contraceptives. Over the last ten years, laboratory evidence has supported epidemiological findings. One example is the addition of progesterone to human papillomavirus-transfected cervical cells, which has led to oncogenic cell transformation.

Correlation between serum estradiol/progesterone ratio and survival length in invasive squamous cell cervical cancer.

Background: There is epidemiological and laboratory evidence for an association between invasive squamous cell cervical cancer and female sex steroid hormones, such as oral contraceptives.

Materials And Methods: Premenopausal (n = 72) and postmenopausal (n=118) women with invasive squamous epithelial cervical cancer were included in this study. Serum estradiol and progesterone and DNA S-phase fraction as a measure of proliferative activity were analysed, in 51 pre-, and 77 postmenopausal women, among whom 13 and 43, respectively, died from disease.

Cytoplasmic microvesicular form of Fas ligand in human early placenta: switching the tissue immune privilege hypothesis from cellular to vesicular level.

The local immune privilege of the fetus is created by the placenta. Fas ligand (FasL) expression in trophoblast has been implied as one of the mechanisms of fetal tolerance. However, the expression of membranal FasL by trophoblast has failed to explain this role of FasL.

Gelatinases A and B (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in endometrial cancer-MMP-9 correlates to the grade and the stage.

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been linked to aggressive behavior in several malignancies. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in particular are prognostic factors in many adeno- and epithelial cancers. However, no conclusive data exist concerning the role of gelatinases in endometrial cancer.

Diagnostic, endocrinological, behavioral, and DNA ploidy differences between squamous cell and adenomatous carcinoma of the cervix uteri.

The objective of this study was to compare behavioral and hormonal risk factors, and cancer characteristics in squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix uteri. The study included 45 women with adenocarcinoma and 190 consecutive women with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri diagnosed between 1984 and 1990. In addition to routine diagnostic procedures, DNA from biopsies was analyzed with flow cytometry to identify the S-phase fraction as a measure of cancer growth.

Genetic alterations in cervical carcinomas: frequent low-level amplifications of oncogenes are associated with human papillomavirus infection.

The development of cervical carcinoma is closely associated with HPV infection. However, other genetic alterations also play an important role. In this study, we analyzed copy number alterations of several oncogene loci in a panel of 84 cervical tumors.

A population-based prospective study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and cervical carcinoma.

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an established cause of cervical cancer, but the role of other sexually transmitted agents, most notably Chlamydia trachomatis, has not been well defined. The women participating in the population-based cervical cancer screening program in Västerbotten county of Northern Sweden were followed up for up to 26 years to identify 118 women who developed cervical cancer after having had a normal Pap smear (on average 5.6 years later; range 0.

Evaluation of antibodies to human papillomavirus as prognostic markers in cervical cancer patients.

Objectives: We wished to evaluate whether the presence of antibodies to HPV or to the HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 or type of HPV DNA is related to prognosis among cervical cancer patients.

Methods: Blood samples were drawn from 313 patients with incident, untreated cervical cancer on admission to two hospitals in Sweden. Patients were followed from enrollment in 1984-1991 until death or up to June 1999.

Correlations between serum progesterone and smoking, and the growth fraction of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Possible correlations between growth fraction of squamous cervical carcinomas and serum progesterone (se-P) concentrations, smoking habits and DNA ploidy were studied.

Materials And Methods: The DNA S-phase fraction (SPF), measured by flow cytometry was used as a marker of tumour growth in 103 cases of squamous cervical cancer stage IB-IV. DNA-ploidy (peridiploidy vs.

Type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus DNA before the development of invasive cervical cancer.

Background: Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of cervical cancer, but the association between a positive test for HPV DNA and the risk of the subsequent development of invasive cervical cancer is unknown.

Methods: In a study of women who participated in a population-based screening program for cancer of the cervix in Sweden from 1969 to 1995, we compared the proportion of normal cervical smears (Pap smears) that were positive for HPV DNA among 118 women in whom invasive cervical cancer developed an average of 5.6 years later (range, 0.

Iohexol clearance for renal function measurement in gynaecologic cancer patients.

Purpose: To determine a valid and practical routine for glomerular filtration rate measurement in gynaecologic cancer patients.

Material And Methods: The established method, endogenous creatinine clearance, was compared to 51Cr-EDTA clearance and contrast medium clearance in 68 women with various gynaecologic carcinomas. Contrast medium clearance was determined in association with conventional urography (iohexal 300 mg I/ml, 40 ml) for evaluation of urinary tract involvement by the tumour.

Doxorubicin-melphalan with and without cisplatin in advanced ovarian cancer--ten-year survival results from a prospective randomized study by the Swedish Cooperative Ovarian Cancer Study Group.

In a controlled prospective randomized study the regimen doxorubicin (A) 40 mg/m2 + melphalan (M) 0.4 mg/kg was compared with A + M + cisplatin (C) 50 mg/m2 given every four weeks in advanced ovarian cancer, FIGO stage III or IV and with serous or anaplastic histology. From 1981 to 1983, 300 patients entered the study and 295 patients were evaluable for response, toxicity and long-term survival.

Steroid-hormone production and receptors in relation to ki-67, p53, s-phase fraction and ploidy in epithelial ovarian-tumors.

In this investigation, the in vitro production of progesterone and estradiol in ovarian tissues was studied for the first time in relation to the immunohistochemical expression of steroid hormone receptors, Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction. Ovarian tissue from 44 women was examined. Steroid receptors were found more frequently in normal than in tumor ovaries.

Association between orosomucoid types and cancer.

Orosomucoid (ORM) is a polymorphic acute-phase reactant with immunosuppressive properties. Previous investigations have suggested that ORM and other acute-phase reactants may act as blocking factors protecting tumor cells against immunological attack, thereby contributing to the 'immune escape' of the tumor. ORM types were studied by isoelectric focusing and immunoprinting in patients with carcinoma of the breast, lung, ovary and endometrium and in population controls.