Publications by authors named "Sten Skogmar"
Background: The role of ribonucleases in tuberculosis among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) is unknown. We explored ribonuclease activity in plasma from PWH with and without tuberculosis.
Methods: Participants were identified from a cohort of treatment-naive PWH in Ethiopia who had been classified for tuberculosis disease (HIV positive [HIV+]/tuberculosis positive [tuberculosis+] or HIV+/tuberculosis negative [tuberculosis-]).
Objectives: To investigate the cumulative incidence proportion of disseminated or local Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infections after adjuvant BCG instillations in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Patients And Methods: We analysed the timing and occurrence of BCG infections and absolute and relative risk in relation to patient characteristics available in the Swedish nationwide database 'BladderBaSe 2.0'.
Objective: : The aim of this study was to assess the performance of kynurenine/tryptophan ratio for tuberculosis (TB) case-finding among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive people with HIV (PWH), and to investigate other factors associated with kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in this population.
Design: : A nested case--control study based on a cohort of 812 ambulatory PWH in the Oromia region, Ethiopia.
Methods: : At enrolment, all participants submitted sputum samples for bacteriological TB investigations.
HIV infection affects the course of tuberculosis (TB), and HIV and (Mtb) synergize in disease progression through complex immunological interplay. To gain further understanding of these mechanisms, we compared the microRNA (miRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) expression patterns in whole blood of individuals with active TB, with and without HIV coinfection (HIV+/TB+ and HIV-/TB+), and HIV and TB-negative individuals (HIV-/TB-). We found that 218 miRNAs were differentially expressed between HIV+/TB+ and HIV-/TB+, while no statistically significant difference in snoRNA expression was observed between these groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The text talks about a way to check for tuberculosis (TB) in people living with HIV, using a method to look for four symptoms first, then a special test called Xpert if those symptoms are present.*
- Researchers wanted to see if there are better ways to test for TB, so they looked at a lot of studies and data from several years to compare different testing methods.*
- They found that the original four-symptom method works pretty well, but there are other tests, like checking for C-reactive protein, that might also be helpful in finding TB.*
Background: Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected individuals is challenging. We hypothesized that combinations of inflammatory markers could facilitate identification of active TB in HIV-positive individuals.
Methods: Participants were HIV-positive, treatment-naive adults systematically investigated for TB at Ethiopian health centers.
Background: Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Although waning in incidence diphtheria can cause severe disease as in this rare Swedish case with several complications.
Case Presentation: A 55-year old male presented to the emergency room with severe respiratory symptoms and greyish membranes in the airways, which turned positive for C.
Background: Early identification of virological failure (VF) limits occurrence and spread of drug-resistant viruses in patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART). Viral load (VL) monitoring is therefore recommended, but capacities to comply with this are insufficient in many low-income countries. Clinical algorithms might identify persons at higher likelihood of VF to allocate VL resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Despite increasing access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low-income countries, HIV-related mortality is high, especially in the first months following ART initiation. We aimed to evaluate the impact of TB coinfection on early mortality and to assess gender-specific predictors of mortality in a cohort of Ethiopian adults subjected to intensified casefinding for active TB before starting ART.
Material And Methods: Prospectively recruited ART-eligible adults (n = 812, 58.
Background: While the risk of TB is elevated in HIV-positive subjects with low CD4 cell counts, TB may in itself be associated with CD4 lymphocytopenia. We investigated markers of immune activation (neopterin) and inflammation (CRP) in TB patients with and without HIV coinfection and their association with CD4 cell levels, and determined their predictive capacity as alternative markers of advanced immunosuppression.
Methods: Participants selected from a cohort of adults with TB at Ethiopian health centers (195 HIV+/TB+, 170 HIV-/TB+) and 31 controls were tested for plasma levels of neopterin and CRP.
Background: The World Health Organization strongly recommends regular screening for tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-positive individuals.
Objective: To compare the outcome of anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in HIV-positive adults diagnosed with TB through active case-finding (ACF) or passive case-finding (PCF).
Design: Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults diagnosed with TB were included from two prospective cohort studies conducted in Ethiopia between September 2010 and March 2013.
Article Synopsis
- - The study explored the impact of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive adults with and without tuberculosis (TB) in Ethiopia, focusing on virological suppression rates, mortality, and retention in care.
- - Among 812 participants, there were no significant differences in retention in care or ART effectiveness between those with TB and those without, with overall virological suppression rates at 72.1% for <40 copies/mL and 88.7% for <400 copies/mL after 6 months.
- - The findings suggest that combining ART with anti-TB treatment is effective in primary healthcare settings in low-income countries, indicating that high virological suppression rates can be achieved regardless of TB co-infection status.*
Introduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation during treatment for tuberculosis (TB) improves survival in HIV/TB co-infected patients. Data on ART outcome for HIV/TB co-infected patients managed in primary health care in low-income regions is limited. We compared virological suppression rates, mortality and retention in care in HIV-positive adults receiving care in five Ethiopian health centres with regard to TB co-infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To assess the diagnostic performance of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection for TB screening in HIV-positive adults in Ethiopia.
Methods: Testing for LAM was performed using the Determine TB-LAM lateral flow assay on urine samples from participants in a prospective cohort with baseline bacteriological categorisation for active TB in sputum. Characteristics of TB patients with regard to LAM status were determined.
Background: Currently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis (TB). The timing of ART during the course of anti-TB treatment is based on CD4 cell counts. Access to CD4 cell testing is not universally available; this constitutes an obstacle for the provision of ART in low-income countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Detection of active tuberculosis (TB) before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is important, but optimal diagnostic methods for use in resource-limited settings are lacking. We assessed the prevalence of TB, evaluated the diagnostic yield of Xpert MTB/RIF in comparison with smear microscopy and culture, and the impact of Xpert results on clinical management in HIV-positive adults eligible for ART at health centers in a region of Ethiopia.
Methods: Participants were prospectively recruited and followed up at 5 health centers.
Background: The clinical correlations and significance of subnormal CD4 levels in HIV-negative patients with TB are unclear. We have determined CD4 cell levels longitudinally during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in patients, with and without HIV co-infection, and their associations with clinical variables.
Method: Adults diagnosed with TB (maximum duration of ATT for 2 weeks, and with no history of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive subjects) were included consecutively in eight out-patient clinics in Ethiopia.