Micronutrients and the Risk of Allergic Diseases in School Children.

Microelements and vitamins are believed to have immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to establish the role of antioxidants (vitamins A, E, D) and microelements such as copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) levels in allergic diseases in schoolchildren. The study uses a cohort of 80 children (40 with and 40 without allergy/asthma diagnosis) aged 9 to 12 years recruited for the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Home Environment in Early-Life and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Asthma and Allergic Diseases among Inner-City Children from the REPRO_PL Birth Cohort.

Objective: We hypothesized that, in our REPRO_PL cohort, exposure to indoor allergens and lifestyle factors in early life are associated with risk of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis at ten years of age.

Methods: We only examined children who had lived in the same house from birth. Children's exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed based on cotinine levels in urine.

Adolescent Athletes at Risk of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: A Result of Training or Pre-Existing Asthma?

Exercise may trigger bronchoconstriction, especially in a group of athletes in whom bronchospasm during exercise is reported to occur more frequently than in nonathletes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and environmental risk factors contributing to exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in adolescent athletes. A prospective study was conducted among a group of 101 adolescent athletes who underwent spirometry, exercise challenge, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements, and allergy assessment.

Allergic Rhinitis and House Dust Mite Sensitization Determine Persistence of Asthma in Children.

Objective: To specify clinical and immunological parameters of the mechanisms, which may lead to development of persistent asthma, or regression of the disease symptoms.

Methods: Eighty children with childhood asthma, diagnosed in the past by using the modified Asthma Predicted Index (mAPI), were divided into two groups: remission group and persistent group. There were 3 study visits (baseline, at 6 mo, and at 12 mo).

Effectiveness of omalizumab in children and adolescents with uncontrolled allergic asthma: a case series from Poland.

Introduction: Omalizumab has been successfully used as a supplementary therapy to improve asthma control in children aged ≥ 6 years with moderate or severe persistent allergic asthma.

Aim: To evaluate effectiveness ofomalizumab in children and adolescents with uncontrolled allergic asthma.

Material And Methods: Seventeen children and adolescents aged 8-16, treated with omalizumab from 2011 until now, were enrolled into the retrospective, open, uncontrolled, observational study.

The effect of air pollution on the respiratory system in preschool children with contribution of urban heat islands and geographic data - the aim of the study and methodological assumptions.

It has been proven that outdoor and indoor air pollutants can cause adverse health effects and are able to promote the onset of atopic diseases. The current manuscript is focused on methodological issues. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of air pollution, urban environment, and urban heat islands (UHIs) on the occurrence of respiratory diseases including allergic rhinitis, asthma and wheezing in preschool children.

Usefulness of sRtot and Rint in bronchodilator testing in the diagnosis of asthma in children.

Introduction: The usefulness of total specific resistance (sRtot) and interrupter resistance (Rint) as a bronchodilator reversibility test (BT) alternative to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) in asthma diagnosis in children has not been established.

Aim: To compare different applied definitions of airflow obstruction in children measuring response to the bronchodilator by spirometry, plethysmography and the interrupter technique in asthmatic children.

Material And Methods: It was a prospective, real-life, non-interventional study.

Dog keeping at home before and during pregnancy decreased the risk of food allergy in 1-year-old children.

Introduction: The relationship between allergen exposure to animals in pregnancy and the development of allergic symptoms is not clear.

Aim: To evaluate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pet ownership and development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and wheezing in children at the age of 1 and 2.

Material And Methods: The mother-child pairs included in this study were part of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort.

Effectiveness of ongoing face-to-face anti-tobacco intervention in children with asthma.

Interventions to help parents quit smoking may yield important benefits for children with asthma. Children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can be measured by reporting of an adult in the household and testing the child's biomarker, e.g.

Longitudinal effect of phthalates exposure on allergic diseases in children.

Background: Environmental chemicals, such as phthalates, phenols, and parabens, may affect children's immune development and contribute to the risk of atopic diseases and asthma.

Objective: To evaluate the associations between prenatal and childhood phthalate exposure and atopic diseases in children at the age of 9 years.

Methods: This analysis is restricted to 145 mother-child pairs from the prospective Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

The role of antioxidants and 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy in the development of allergic diseases in early school-age children - Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Based on the available data, alterations of the antioxidant defense as well as the vitamin status in mothers may affect the prenatal process of lung and immune system development as a pathophysiological background of increased prevalence of allergic diseases. The primary aim of the current study was to assess the associations among cord blood concentrations of zinc (Zn); copper (Cu); selenium (Se); β-carotene; and vitamin A, E, and D, and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma in early school-age children. We evaluated 211 children, 7-9 years old, from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

The influence of hospital-based intravenous immunoglobulin and home-based self-administrated subcutaneous immunoglobulin therapy in young children with primary immunodeficiency diseases on their parents' / caregivers' satisfaction.

Background: Immunoglobulin replacement has been standard therapy for patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD). Intravenous immunoglobin (IVIg) is delivered at the hospital, whereas subcutaneous immunoglobin (SCIg) is used for home-based treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the advantages and disadvantages of IVIg and SCIg in Polish children aged 1-5 years, with PIDD, and the satisfaction of their parents / caregivers regarding immunoglobulin replacement.

Early life environmental exposure in relation to new onset and remission of allergic diseases in school children: Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

This study was based on data from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study. The aim was to study associations between home environment factors and allergic diseases at 1 year of life and new onset and remission of children's allergy diagnosis at ages 7-9 years. Children's health status was assessed at ∼12 months of age and then at ages between 7-9 years by using a questionnaire administered to the mothers.

IL-33 is associated with allergy in children sensitized to the cat.

Background: Several studies suggest that early-life exposure to animal allergens constitutes a relevant risk factor for the development of allergic sensitization.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the role of interleukin-33 in children sensitive to cat allergen with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma.

Methods: The study included 51 children aged 5-18 years, both sexes, allergic to cats.

Glycoprotein A (GARP) in children who outgrow food allergy.

Background: There is little understanding of the mechanisms by which food allergy (FA) develops into persistent disease, or by which symptoms it regresses. Food allergy is a major health problem in developed countries, where the prevalence reaches up to 6% in children and 3% in the adult population.

Objective: Children with food allergy remission (FAR) and those without FAR below five years of age, were compared 7-10 years with respect to clinical data and expression of glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

A Case of a Child With Several Anaphylactic Reactions to Drugs.

Adverse drug reaction is defined as any harmful, unintended, and undesired effect of a drug that occurs at doses used for treatment, prevention, or diagnoses. Most of these reactions are classified as type A reactions, which by definition are predictable, common, dose-dependent, and caused by known pharmacological actions of the drug, drug toxicity, and side effects. Allergic reactions are qualified as type B reactions independent of dose, affecting a small population, suggesting that individual patient host factors are important.

Vitamin D inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa- pilot study.

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in inflammatory responses after antigen exposure. Interleukin-23 (Il-23) promotes Il-17-dependent inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pulmonary infection.

Duration of breastfeeding and psychomotor development in 1-year-old children - Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and child neurodevelopment based on the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study.

Material And Methods: The current analysis included 501 mother-child pairs. The analysis evaluating the association between the length of breastfeeding and child neurodevelopment considered the following variables: maternal age and body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, parental level of education, marital status, socioeconomic status, child gender, birthweight, type of delivery, preterm delivery, pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco constituents and child day care attendance.

The effect of passive smoking on exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children.

To date, some studies suggest that passive smoking (PS) may be an important determinant of FeNO levels in children but sill there is a need of investigations using objective methods of PS exposure. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of PS, measured by urine cotinine levels, on FeNO and lung function (FEV1) in allergic and non-allergic asthmatic children. METHODS: It was a prospective, non-interventional study.

Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the potential of vitamin D to prevent acute respiratory infections have yielded mixed results. Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis has the potential to identify factors that may explain this heterogeneity.

Objectives: To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on the risk of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and to identify factors modifying this effect.

A 2-year-old girl with chronic crackles after respiratory syncytial virus infection: a case report.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. While the majority of infants display only mild upper respiratory tract infection or occasionally otitis media, around one-third will develop an infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually bronchiolitis. There is now convincing evidence from a number of cohorts that respiratory syncytial virus is a significant, independent risk factor for later wheezing, at least within the first decade of life.

Associations between sensitization to perennial/seasonal allergens and childhood asthma.

Background: Childhood asthma is an important public health problem worldwide. Risk factors for asthma development include allergic sensitization and exposure to animals.

Objective: To identify which (perennial or seasonal) inhalant allergens are associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in children.

Association between environmental exposure and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells.

Background: It is considered that farm areas protect young patients from allergy and asthma due to high exposure to endotoxins.

Aim: To compare CD4+/CD25+ T-regulatory cells and forkhead transcription factor Foxp3 expression in asthmatic children allergic to house dust mites (HDM) living in rural and farm areas.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective analysis of 35 children living in farm areas (n=19) and rural areas (n=16), aged 8-16, with allergic rhinitis (allergic to dust mites) and newly diagnosed asthma.

Vitamins A and E during Pregnancy and Allergy Symptoms in an Early Childhood-Lack of Association with Tobacco Smoke Exposure.

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between maternal antioxidant levels during pregnancy and development of allergic diseases in their offspring. The aim of the study was to determine plasma vitamins A and E concentration in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, at delivery and in cord blood and to search for a relationship with allergy in up to 2-year-old children who were prenatally exposed or not exposed to tobacco smoke. The study participants included 252 mother-child pairs from Polish Mother and Child Cohort.