Cellular and molecular changes and immune response in the intestinal mucosa during Trichinella spiralis early infection in rats.

Background: The main targets of the host's immune system in Trichinella spiralis infection are the adult worms (AW), at the gut level, and the migrant or newborn larvae (NBL), at systemic and pulmonary levels. Most of the studies carried out in the gut mucosa have been performed on the Payer's patches and/or the mesenteric lymph nodes but not on the lamina propria, therefore, knowledge on the gut immune response against T. spiralis remains incomplete.

Protein malnutrition impairs the immune control of Trichinella spiralis infection.

Objectives: We aimed to analyze the effect of a protein-deficient diet on mucosal and systemic immunity during a Trichinella spiralis infection.

Methods: Two groups of weaning Wistar rats received a protein-deficient diet (6.5% casein) and the other two groups received a control diet (20% casein).

Serum IgE and IgG4 against muscle larva excretory-secretory products during the early and late phases of human trichinellosis.

In human trichinellosis, the relevance of the presence and persistence of specific serum IgE and IgG4 during the early and late phases of infection is still controversial.The aim of this work was to determine the percentage of human sera presenting IgE and IgG4 against Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory products as well as their levels during the early and late phases of the infection. The antigen recognition pattern by serum total immunoglobulins (IgGAM), IgE, and IgG4 was assessed over time.

Trichinella spiralis infection and transplacental passage in human pregnancy.

Infection by Trichinella spp. during pregnancy still arises many questions. Worldwide an important number of trichinellosis outbreaks have occurred over time where pregnant women were or might have been involved.

Regulatory parameters of the lung immune response during the early phase of experimental trichinellosis.

Parasitic infection caused by Trichinella spiralis provokes an early stimulation of the mucosal immune system which causes an allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. The present work was intended to characterize the kinetics of emergence of regulatory parameters in Wistar rat lungs during this early inflammatory response, between days 0 and 13p.i.

Trichinella spiralis: killing of newborn larvae by lung cells.

The migratory stage of Trichinella spiralis, the newborn larva (NBL), travels along the pulmonary microvascular system on its way to the skeletal muscle cells. The present work studies the capability of lung cells to kill NBL. For this purpose, in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed using NBL, lung cell suspensions from Wistar rats, rat anti-NBL surface sera, and fresh serum as complement source.

Trichinella spiralis infection rapidly induces lung inflammatory response: the lung as the site of helminthocytotoxic activity.

In the present work, we studied the kinetics of the appearance of different immunological parameters in the lungs during the intestinal phase of infection with Trichinella spiralis. We also evaluated the lung's role in the retention and death of this helminth in its migratory stage. To study these parameters, we used lung extracts, lung cell suspensions and rat lung tissue sections.

Trichinella infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from a protected area of Argentina and its relationship with the presence of humans.

In Argentina, Trichinella infection has been documented in humans and animals of several provinces since 1930. This zoonotic parasite infection has been recently detected in humans and pigs of a region historically considered as Trichinella-free, suggesting the spread of these pathogens. The aim of the present work was to investigate the presence of Trichinella infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and in the human population living in a protected area.

[Trichinellosis serology in blood-donors from a non-endemic area of Argentina].

The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of human trichinellosis in an area of Argentina historically regarded as free of this parasitic disease. This parasitosis was assessed on 150 blood donors by means of immunoserological tests, and their relation with risk alimentary habits by a questionnaire. The questionnaires showed that 98.

Detection of trichinellosis in a historically Trichinella-free area of Argentina.

The aim of the present work was to determine the presence of human and porcine trichinellosis in an area of Argentina historically regarded as Trichinella-free. Human blood donors (n=216) and swine destined for consumption (n=57) were evaluated by serological techniques (ELISA, immunofluorescence, and/or Western Blot). Muscle tissues from 26 of the pigs were evaluated for the presence of Trichinella larvae by the artificial digestion method.

Evaluation of three immunoserological techniques in the detection of porcine trichinellosis.

Three immunoserological tests (IST) used for the detection of porcine trichinellosis, immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-inmunoanalysis (EIA), and Western blot (WB), were compared. Three groups of animals were analyzed: Group 1, animals naturally infected with parasite burdens (PB) of <1 muscle larvae (ML)/g (n=18); Group 2, animals naturally infected with PB of > or =2ML/g (n=23); Group 3, animals raised and home-slaughtered on farms in Argentina (n=59). Animals from Groups 1 and 2 were identified in outbreaks and were analyzed by individual artificial digestion (AD) of > or =30g of muscle.

Immunoparasitological evaluation of Trichinella spiralis infection during human pregnancy: a small case series.

The clinical background, vertical transmission of Trichinella spiralis and helminthotoxic activity of sera were evaluated in four pregnant women infected at different gestation times. Parasitological and immunological parameters were analyzed. Patients presented clinical symptoms and a seroconversion pattern typical of Trichinella infection, independently of the gestation trimester.

[Clinical, serological and parasitological aspects of an outbreak of human trichinellosis in Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina. The acute and chronic phases of the infection].

Clinical and serological features of individuals undergoing the acute (n: 54) and chronic (n: 32) phases of trichinellosis belonging to an outbreak originated by the consumption of pork products of a commercial source, arisen in Argentina, are described. Epidemiological data, signs, symptoms, and laboratory studies were assessed. Parasitological studies were performed in patients and pork products.