Heat- and Ultrasound-Assisted Aqueous Extraction of Soluble Carbohydrates and Phenolics from Carob Kibbles of Variable Size and Source Material.

Aqueous extraction of carob kibbles is the fundamental step in the production of carob juice and carob molasses. Improving the theoretical yield in sugars during organic solvent-free aqueous extraction is of prime interest to the food industry. Collateral extraction of phenolics, however, must be monitored as it influences the sensory and functional profile of carob juice.

The role of religiosity in the opposition to drug use.

This study examines the causal mechanism linking religiosity to opposition to drug use. Using an electronic mail survey of university students, data were obtained about the participants' religious beliefs, their perceptions of drug use, and their attitudes toward the use of six common drugs (alcohol, cigarettes, cocaine, heroin, LSD, and marijuana). Based on the data, path models were estimated for each substance to investigate the causal structure underlying four constructs: religiosity, perceived immorality of drug use, perceived self-harm of drug use, and attitudes toward the control of drug use (control attitudes).