Direct and indirect effects of copepod grazers on community structure.

Ecological theory and empirical research show that both direct lethal effects and indirect non-lethal effects can structure the composition of communities. While the direct effects of grazers on marine phytoplankton communities are well studied, their indirect effects are still poorly understood. Direct and indirect effects are inherently difficult to disentangle in plankton food webs.

A Tissue Engineered 3D Model of Cancer Cell Invasion for Human Head and Neck Squamous-Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with aggressive local invasiveness, being a main reason for its poor prognosis. The exact mechanisms underlying the strong invasive abilities of HNSCC remain to be elucidated. Therefore, there is a need for in vitro models to study the interplay between cancer cells and normal adjacent tissue at the invasive tumor front.

Characterization of a Human Respiratory Mucosa Model to Study Odorant Metabolism.

Nasal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) are important for the sense of smell because they influence odorant availability and quality. Since the major part of the human nasal cavity is lined by a respiratory mucosa, we hypothesized that this tissue contributed to nasal odorant metabolism through XME activity. Thus, we built human respiratory tissue models and characterized the XME profiles using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Conservative management of proximal hamstring avulsion: A clinical study.

Introduction: The management of proximal hamstring tear (PHT) is debated and consensus regarding recommended measures and individual treatment regimens is lacking. The present investigation evaluated the efficacy of a conservative management of partial and complete PHT.

Methods: The present observational study was conducted following the STROBE statement.

Differentiation of Salivary Gland and Salivary Gland Tumor Tissue via Raman Imaging Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a relevant, highly diverse subgroup of head and neck tumors whose entity determination can be difficult. Confocal Raman imaging in combination with multivariate data analysis may possibly support their correct classification. For the analysis of the translational potential of Raman imaging in SGT determination, a multi-stage evaluation process is necessary.

Perspectives on Nasal Odorant Metabolism Research.

Olfaction is a multi-step process. At a peripheral level, nasal odorant metabolism contributes to olfaction via signal termination, variation, and regulation. We summarize current techniques used to investigate nasal odorant metabolism and give an outlook on future approaches, such as nasal tissue models and their potential contributions in future research directions.

An international comparison of student nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning skills.

Background: Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a pivotal role in health care provision. Diagnostic reasoning is an important core skill of advanced practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare diagnostic reasoning skills of NP students.

Immediate and delayed effects of a heatwave and Prorocentrum lima ((Ehrenberg) Stein 1878) bloom on the toxin accumulation, physiology, and survival of the oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793).

Warming could facilitate the intensification of toxic algal blooms, two important stressors for marine organisms that are predicted to co-occur more frequently in the future. We investigated the immediate and delayed effects of a heatwave and a simulated bloom (3 × 10 cells L of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST)-producing benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima on the survival, physiology (oxygen consumption rate, condition index, immune parameters), and toxin accumulation in the Pacific rock oyster Magallana (Crassostrea) gigas. Oysters exposed to both stressors contained higher mean DST concentrations (mean ± 1 SE: 173.

Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of printer toner particles in a 3D air-liquid interface, primary cell-based nasal tissue model.

Printer toner particles (TPs) are a common, potentially hazardous substance, with an unclear toxicological impact on the respiratory mucosa. Most of the airways surface is covered by a ciliated respiratory mucosa, therefore appropriate tissue models of the respiratory epithelium with a high in vivo correlation are necessary for in vitro evaluation of airborne pollutants toxicology and the impact on the functional integrity. The aim of this study is the evaluation of TPs toxicology in a human primary cell-based air-liquid-interface (ALI) model of respiratory mucosa.

The Impact of Tissue Preparation on Salivary Gland Tumors Investigated by Fourier-Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy.

Due to the wide variety of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, classification and malignant behavior determination based on histomorphological criteria can be difficult and sometimes impossible. Spectroscopical procedures can acquire molecular biological information without destroying the tissue within the measurement processes. Since several tissue preparation procedures exist, our study investigated the impact of these preparations on the chemical composition of healthy and tumorous salivary gland tissue by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy.

Acetylsalicylic Acid and Salicylic Acid Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Precision-Cut Lung Slices.

Aspirin, with its active compound acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), shows antiviral activity against rhino- and influenza viruses at high concentrations. We sought to investigate whether ASA and its metabolite salicylic acid (SA) inhibit SARS-CoV-2 since it might use similar pathways to influenza viruses. The compound-treated cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Bulk-like emission in the visible spectrum of colloidal LiYF:Pr nanocrystals downsized to 10 nm.

Though Pr doped LiYF (LiYF:Pr) bulk crystals are a well-known laser gain material with several radiative transitions, their nanocrystal counterparts have not been investigated with regards to these. Through downsizing to the nanoscale, novel applications are expected, especially in composite photonic devices. For example, nanocrystals in stable colloidal form with narrow size distribution are highly desirable to reduce scattering in such composites.

A defined anthocyanin mixture sourced from bilberry and black currant inhibits Measles virus and various herpesviruses.

Background: Anthocyanin-containing plant extracts and carotenoids, such as astaxanthin, have been well-known for their antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity, respectively. We hypothesised that a mixture of Ribes nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) (common name black currant (BC)) and Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Country-level mentoring for advanced practice nursing: A case study.

Aim: To describe the mentoring process between the ICN Advanced Practice Nurse Network practice subgroup and the University of Pécs to support the emerging advanced practice role in Hungary, and explore the creation of a mentoring algorithm for faculty and other key stakeholders worldwide who wish to develop advanced practice nursing programs.

Background: Advanced practice nurses provide comprehensive clinical care and expand access to care in more than 70 countries. In March of 2017, a representative of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Pécs requested assistance in curricula development for the inaugural advanced practice nursing program in Hungary.

Microplastic ingestion in zooplankton from the Fram Strait in the Arctic.

Some of the highest microplastic concentrations in marine environments have been reported from the Fram Strait in the Arctic. This region supports a diverse ecosystem dependent on high concentrations of zooplankton at the base of the food web. Zooplankton samples were collected during research cruises using Bongo and MOCNESS nets in the boreal summers of 2018 and 2019.

An examination of student nurse practitioners' diagnostic reasoning skills.

Aim: To examine the diagnostic reasoning skills of two nurse practitioner student cohorts.

Introduction: Nurse practitioners continue to play a pivotal role in health care provision. Diagnostic reasoning is a core skill of advanced practice.

Susceptibility of Human Airway Tissue Models Derived From Different Anatomical Sites to and Its Virulence Factor Adenylate Cyclase Toxin.

To study the interaction of human pathogens with their host target structures, human tissue models based on primary cells are considered suitable. Complex tissue models of the human airways have been used as infection models for various viral and bacterial pathogens. The Gram-negative bacterium is of relevant clinical interest since whooping cough has developed into a resurgent infectious disease.

Pilot study on the value of Raman spectroscopy in the entity assignment of salivary gland tumors.

Background: The entity assignment of salivary gland tumors (SGT) based on histomorphology can be challenging. Raman spectroscopy has been applied to analyze differences in the molecular composition of tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of RS for entity assignment in SGT.

Sevoflurane Exerts Protective Effects in Murine Peritonitis-induced Sepsis via Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α/Adenosine A2B Receptor Signaling.

Background: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units, and sedation in the intensive care unit during sepsis is usually performed intravenously. The inhalative anesthetic sevoflurane has been shown to elicit protective effects in various inflammatory studies, but its role in peritonitis-induced sepsis remains elusive. The hypothesis was that sevoflurane controls the neutrophil infiltration by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and elevated adenosine A2B receptor expression.

The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung tissue.

To circumvent time-consuming clinical trials, testing whether existing drugs are effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, has led to the discovery of Remdesivir. We decided to follow this path and screened approved medications "off-label" against SARS-CoV-2. Fluoxetine inhibited SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 0.

Activity of Tracheal Cytotoxin of in a Human Tracheobronchial 3D Tissue Model.

is a highly contagious pathogen which causes whooping cough in humans. A major pathophysiology of infection is the extrusion of ciliated cells and subsequent disruption of the respiratory mucosa. Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is the only virulence factor produced by that has been able to recapitulate this pathology in animal models.

Evaluation of an international program for nurse practitioner students.

Background: There are few opportunities for nurse practitioner (NP) students to develop relationships and exchange ideas with international counterparts. In addition, discovering differences in instructional pedagogy between programs is beneficial for every student.

Purpose: To facilitate an international understanding of health care services and compare curricula of advanced practice programs through an international experience for first year NP students from the United Kingdom and the United States.

Susceptibility of primary human airway epithelial cells to adenylate cyclase toxin in two- and three-dimensional culture conditions.

The human pathogen targets the respiratory epithelium and causes whooping cough. Its virulence factor adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) plays an important role in the course of infection. Previous studies on the impact of CyaA on human epithelial cells have been carried out using cell lines derived from the airways or the intestinal tract.