Critical reflection on the indication for computed tomography: an interdisciplinary survey of risk and benefit management in patients with sepsis.

Objectives: To survey physicians' views on the risks and benefits of computed tomography (CT) in the management of septic patients and indications for and contraindications to contrast media use in searching for septic foci.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire was administered to physicians at a large European university medical center in January 2022. A total of 371 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed with physicians' work experience, workplace, and medical specialty as independent variables.

To Perform, or Not to Perform Interim PET: Questioning the Impact of Midtherapy Evaluation During PRRT in GEP-NET Patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of interim evaluation on the continuation of 177 Lu-based peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) and to survey its usage across German university hospitals.

Patients And Methods: In 119 GEP-NET patients who underwent PRRT, we retrospectively assessed the results and therapeutic impact of restaging performed after 2 cycles using MRI/CT/somatostatin receptor imaging. Therapeutic decisions based on interim PET results were made in multidisciplinary tumor board meetings.

Final-year medical students' perspective: a survey on the use of computed tomography in sepsis.

Objectives: To determine the perspective of final-year medical students on the use of computed tomography (CT) in patients with sepsis.

Methods: A total of 207 questionnaires were distributed to final-year medical students at a large university medical center, and 113 returned questionnaires met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. Questions referred to sepsis guidelines, CT indications, and the use of contrast agents.

Interdisciplinary perspectives on computed tomography in sepsis: survey among medical doctors at a large university medical center.

Objectives: This study aims to describe physicians' perspectives on the use of computed tomography (CT) in patients with sepsis.

Methods: In January 2022, physicians of a large European university medical center were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire asking about their views on the role of CT in sepsis. A total of 371 questionnaires met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using work experience, workplace, and medical specialty of physicians as variables.

Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases.

Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins.

Establishment of Intestinal Epithelial Cell Monolayers and Their Use in Calcium Switch Assay for Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Assembly.

Intestinal barrier function relies primarily on the assembly and integrity of tight junctions, which forms a size-selective barrier. This barrier restricts paracellular movement of solutes in various types of epithelia. Of note, extracellular Ca concentration affects tight junction assembly.

Fixation probabilities in graph-structured populations under weak selection.

A population's spatial structure affects the rate of genetic change and the outcome of natural selection. These effects can be modeled mathematically using the Birth-death process on graphs. Individuals occupy the vertices of a weighted graph, and reproduce into neighboring vertices based on fitness.

Inactivation of paracellular cation-selective claudin-2 channels attenuates immune-mediated experimental colitis in mice.

The tight junction protein claudin-2 is upregulated in disease. Although many studies have linked intestinal barrier loss to local and systemic disease, these have relied on macromolecular probes. In vitro analyses show, however, that these probes cannot be accommodated by size- and charge-selective claudin-2 channels.

Transient amplifiers of selection and reducers of fixation for death-Birth updating on graphs.

The spatial structure of an evolving population affects the balance of natural selection versus genetic drift. Some structures amplify selection, increasing the role that fitness differences play in determining which mutations become fixed. Other structures suppress selection, reducing the effect of fitness differences and increasing the role of random chance.

Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab in Anti-TNF-Naïve Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Multicenter Retrospective European Study.

Background: Vedolizumab (VDZ) is effective for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). In GEMINI trials, anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF)-naïve patients had a superior response compared with anti-TNF-exposed patients. In real-world experience (RWE), the number of included anti-TNF-naïve patients was low.

[Fundamentals of the microbiome].

Until the middle of the 20th century, clinical microbiology was limited to bacterial cultures enabling the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. Knowledge about the mutual relationship between humans and microorganisms has increased slowly. With the introduction of culture-independent analysis methods, comprehensive cataloging of the human microbiome was possible for the first time.

The involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes in primary serous-papillary peritoneal carcinoma. a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Primary serous-papillary peritoneal carcinoma is able to spread to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but there is no evidence of the pattern of lymphatic metastasis. Because of the fact that this tumor entity is indistinguishable histologically from primary serous-papillary ovarian carcinoma, its taxonomic position has thus far remained unclear.

Materials And Methods: The Medline database was used to identify studies about lymphatic spread pattern and to compare those studies.

Detection of low-virulent classical swine fever virus in blood of experimentally infected animals: comparison of different methods.

The effectiveness of virus isolation, commercial antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry in detection of a low-virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in blood in the early period of infection was evaluated. Domestic pigs at the age of 6-8 weeks and young wild boars were inoculated with a low-virulent field isolate of CSFV originating from a wild boar. This virus induced serious clinical reaction in only one pig which was naturally infected with Pasteurella multocida.

[Comparison of laboratory diagnostic methods for the detection of infection with the virus of classical swine fever in the early inspection phase: an experimental study].

Virus isolation in the PK-15 cell culture, two commercial antigen ELISAs, reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and flow cytometry have been evaluated to detect viremic pigs in the early period of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection. Domestic pigs were experimentally inoculated with the virulent CSFV strain 'Alfort 187' and two field isolates. CSFV isolation and RT-PCR were found to be the most sensitive methods for the detection of highly virulent CSFV in the early period of infection which is characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Germany.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been described as an epidemic central nervous disorder in cattle from the United Kingdom. The disease is thought to have emerged by an interspecies transmission of the scrapie agent of sheep to cattle, after feeding scrapie-contaminated meat and bone meal (MBM). The disease has caused substantial economic losses for the British cattle industry.

[Important virus infections of the respiratory tract in cattle from the clinical point of view].

The etiological participation of different viruses in the pneumonia complex of cattle is undisputed. The significance of the individual viruses in the genesis of disease symptoms is still mostly unclear. Since the pneumonia complex of cattle is a multifactorial syndrome, vaccination programs as the only measure of prophylaxis in most cases do not show the desired effect.

Effect of fatty acids on the stimulated gastric secretion in man.

Solutions and emulsions of sodium or potassium salts in a series of saturated fatty acids from C8 to C18 were given in a dose of 0.5 g intraduodenally to healthy males or patients with healed duodenal ulcer. A double-lumen Sarles tube with a balloon placed in the proximal duodenum was used.