Milk intake and hip fracture incidence in community-dwelling old Icelandic adults.

Unlabelled: Milk and milk products have been known as important for bone health. Can ingestion of milk and milk products lower hip fracture risk for older adults? In this study, older Icelandic adults who were ingesting higher milk had a lower risk of hip fractures.

Introduction: This study describes associations between milk intake and hip fracture risk in older Icelanders.

Dietary patterns in adolescence and risk of colorectal cancer: a population-based study.

Purpose: To study whether dietary patterns in adolescence are associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: Food frequency data were obtained from the AGES-Reykjavik study, conducted between 2002 and 2006, which included 5,078 (58% women) participants with mean age of 77 (± 5.8) years.

Growth Rate in Childhood and Adolescence and the Risk of Breast and Prostate Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Growth rate is regulated by hormonal pathways that might affect early cancer development. We explored the association between rate of growth in height from ages 8 to 13 years (childhood) and from age 13 to attainment of adult height (adolescence), as measured at study entry, and the risk of breast or prostate cancer. Participants were 2,037 Icelanders born during 1915-1935, who took part in the Reykjavik Study, established in 1967.

Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Status and Incident Hip Fractures in Elderly Adults: Looking Beyond Bone Mineral Density.

Observational studies have consistently reported a higher risk of fractures among those with low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Emerging evidence suggests that low serum 25(OH)D levels may increase the rate of falls through impaired physical function. Examine to what extent baseline measures of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), absolute bone mineral content (BMC), and markers of physical function may explain incident hip fractures in older adults with different serum levels of 25(OH)D.

Correction to: Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study.

The original version of this article, published on 18 august 2020 contained a mistake. An author's name was misspelled.

Characteristics of incidence hip fracture cases in older adults participating in the longitudinal AGES-Reykjavik study.

Unlabelled: Poor physical function and body composition my partly predict the risk of falls leading to fracture regardless of bone mineral density.

Introduction: To examine the relationship between body composition, physical function, and other markers of health with hip fractures in older community-dwelling Icelandic adults.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 4782 older adults from the AGES-Reykjavik study.

Pre-diagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and survival in cancer patients.

Purpose: Our main aim was to explore whether pre-diagnostic circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) among older individuals with cancer were associated with overall and cancer-specific survival after diagnosis.

Design: We used data from the Reykjavik-AGES Study on participants (n = 4,619) without cancer at entry, when blood samples were taken for 25(OH)D standardized measurements. The association with cancer risk, all-cause- and cancer-specific mortality was assessed among those later diagnosed with cancer, comparing four 25(OH)D categories, using 50-69.

Dietary intake is associated with risk of multiple myeloma and its precursor disease.

The etiology of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), the precursor state of multiple myeloma (MM), is mostly unknown and no studies have been conducted on the effect of diet on MGUS or progression from MGUS to MM. We aimed to explore the association between common foods and MGUS and progression to MM. Data from the population-based AGES Study (N = 5,764) were utilized.

Correction: Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Dietary habits in adolescence and midlife and risk of breast cancer in older women.

Recent studies indicate that lifestyle factors in early life affect breast cancer risk. We therefore explored the association of high consumption of meat, milk, and whole grain products in adolescence and midlife, on breast cancer risk. We used data from the population based AGES-Reykjavik cohort (2002-2006), where 3,326 women with a mean age of 77 years (SD 6.

Midlife metabolic factors and prostate cancer risk in later life.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with several cancers, but evidence for aggressive prostate cancer is sparse. We prospectively investigated the influence of metabolic syndrome and its components on risk of total prostate cancer and measures of aggressive disease in a cohort of Icelandic men. Men in the Reykjavik Study (n = 9,097, enrolled 1967-1987) were followed for incident (n = 1,084 total; n = 378 advanced; n = 148 high-grade) and fatal (n = 340) prostate cancer until 2014.

[Dietary intake of young Icelanders with psychotic disorders and weight development over an 8-12 months period].

Introduction: The prevalence of lifestyle related diseases is higher among people with psychotic disorders than the general population. The aim was to assess dietary intake of young people with psychotic disorders for the first time in Iceland.

Material And Methods: Subjects were young people (n=48, age 18-30y) with psychotic disorders.

Early Life Residence, Fish Consumption, and Risk of Breast Cancer.

Little is known about fish intake throughout the life course and the risk of breast cancer. We used data on the first residence of 9,340 women born 1908 to 1935 in the Reykjavik Study as well as food frequency data for different periods of life from a subgroup of the cohort entering the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES)-Reykjavik Study ( = 2,882). During a mean follow-up of 27.

[Attitudes to food and eating in an Icelandic cohort].

Introduction: Few studies exist on eating attitudes and well-being of adults in Iceland. In most Western societies great emphasis is placed on a lean and fit body, nevertheless the number of people gaining weigt keeps increasing. Such circumstances may cause discomfort related to food and food choice.

Depression and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in older adults living at northern latitudes - AGES-Reykjavik Study.

Low vitamin D status may be associated with depression. Few studies have examined vitamin D and depression in older adults living at northern latitudes. The present study cross-sectionally investigated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status and depression among 5006 community-dwelling older persons (66-96 years) living in Iceland (latitudes 64-66°N).

Cod liver oil consumption at different periods of life and bone mineral density in old age.

Cod liver oil is a traditional source of vitamin D in Iceland, and regular intake is recommended partly for the sake of bone health. However, the association between lifelong consumption of cod liver oil and bone mineral density (BMD) in old age is unclear. The present study attempted to assess the associations between intake of cod liver oil in adolescence, midlife, and old age, and hip BMD in old age, as well as associations between cod liver oil intake in old age and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration.

Fish and fish-liver oil consumption in adolescence and midlife and risk of CHD in older women.

Objective: To study the association of fish and fish-liver oil consumption across the lifespan with CHD later in life among Icelandic women, with special emphasis on the effects of consumption in adolescence.

Design: Prevalence association study. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of CHD according to fish or fish-liver oil exposure.

Plasma phospholipid fatty acids and fish-oil consumption in relation to osteoporotic fracture risk in older adults: the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility Study.

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may play a role in fracture, but studies have been largely confined to estimates of dietary intake.

Objective: We aimed to examine associations between fatty acids measured in late life and fish-oil consumption in early life, midlife, and late life with osteoporotic fracture risk.

Design: Osteoporotic fractures were determined from medical records over 5-9 y of follow-up in men and women aged 66-96 y.

[Urban-rural differences in diet, BMI and education of men and women in Iceland].

Introduction: Previous Icelandic studies have reported higher prevalence of obesity among women residing outside the capital area but no comparable information is available for men. The aim of this study was to assess diet and body mass index (BMI) of adult men and women residing within and outside the capital area.

Material And Methods: Participants were 1312 men and women,18-80 years, from a random sample of the national registry, response rate 68.

[National nutrition surveys and dietary changes in Iceland. Economic differences in healthy eating].

Introduction: Here we compare results on food and nutrient intake from the two most recent Icelandic national nutrition surveys from 2010/11 and 2002 and compare intake of energy giving nutrients from 1990. Finally we assess associations beween a healthy diet and difficulties people have in making ends meet.

Materials And Methods: Participants were selected by a random sample from the national register.

Vitamin D intake and status in 12-month-old infants at 63-66° N.

The objective was to assess the vitamin D status in healthy 12-month-old infants in relation to quantity and sources of dietary vitamin D, breastfeeding and seasons. Subjects were 76 12-month-old infants. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥ 50 nmol/L were considered indicative of vitamin D sufficiency and 25(OH)D < 27.

Hip fractures and bone mineral density in the elderly--importance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

Background: The significance of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations for hip fracture risk of the elderly is still uncertain. Difficulties reaching both frail and healthy elderly people in randomized controlled trials or large cohort studies may in part explain discordant findings. We determined hazard ratios for hip fractures of elderly men and women related to serum 25(OH)D, including both the frail and the healthy segment of the elderly population.

[The effectiveness of the treatment program "Enjoy eating" on health and mood in obese women].

Introduction: Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges world wide and its prevalence has increased during the past 20-30 years. Obesity is related to physical and mental health and increased mortality. There are few evidence-based treatment options for the obese available in Iceland.

[The effectiveness of the treatment program "Enjoy eating" on health and mood in obese women].

Introduction: Obesity is one of the greatest public health challenges world wide and its prevalence has increased during the past 20-30 years. Obesity is related to physical and mental health and increased mortality. There are few evidence-based treatment options for the obese available in Iceland.