Evaluation of changes in calf management from 2012 to 2022 on Austrian dairy farms using an online questionnaire.

Calf management is important for the development, health, and welfare of the animals. In this follow-up study, we evaluated calf management practices on dairy farms in Austria using an online questionnaire in 2021 and 2022. We tested the hypothesis that farmers changed calf management on their farm within these 10 years.

Ring Opening of Diketene in Superacidic Media.

The reactions of diketene were investigated in the HF/MF and DF/MF (M = As or Sb) binary superacidic systems. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio of the Lewis acids and diketene, monoprotonated acetoacetyl fluoride and diprotonated acetoacetyl fluoride were obtained. The salts were characterized by low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

CRISPR-Cas9-based approaches for genetic analysis and epistatic interaction studies in .

Unlabelled: is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates to high numbers in an acidified lysosome-derived vacuole. Intracellular replication requires the Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system, which translocates over 100 different effector proteins into the host cell. Screens employing random transposon mutagenesis have identified several effectors that play an important role in intracellular replication; however, the difficulty in conducting directed mutagenesis has been a barrier to the systematic analysis of effector mutants and to the construction of double mutants to assess epistatic interactions between effectors.

HLA DQA1*05 and risk of anti-TNF treatment failure and anti-drug antibody development in children with Crohn's Disease: HLA DQA1*05 and Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Objectives: HLA DQA1*05 has been associated with the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) to tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF) and treatment failure among adults with Crohn's disease (CD). However, findings from other studies have been inconsistent with limited pediatric data.

Methods: We analyzed banked serum from patients with CD < 21 years of age enrolled in COMBINE, a multi-center, prospective randomized trial of anti-TNF monotherapy vs.

Low Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels During Maintenance Phase Are Associated With Treatment Failure in Children With Crohn's Disease.

Background: Higher drug levels and combination therapy with low-dose oral methotrexate (LD-MTX) may reduce anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment failure in pediatric Crohn's disease. We sought to (1) evaluate whether combination therapy with LD-MTX was associated with higher anti-TNF levels, (2) evaluate associations between anti-TNF levels and subsequent treatment failure, and (3) explore the effect of combination therapy on maintenance of remission among patients with therapeutic drug levels (>5 µg/mL for infliximab and >7.5 µg/mL for adalimumab).

Necromass responses to warming: A faster microbial turnover in favor of soil carbon stabilisation.

Microbial byproducts and residues (hereafter 'necromass') potentially play the most critical role in soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, little is known about the influence of climate warming on necromass accumulation in the agroecosystem and the underlying mechanisms associated with microbial life strategies. In order to address these knowledge gaps, we used amino sugars as biomarkers of microbial necromass, and investigated their variation through an 8-year trial in an agroecosystem with two warming levels (+1.

Significant delays exist in industry-sponsored pediatric clinical drug trial start-up and enrollment processes.

Background: Significant barriers to advancing pediatric drug development continue despite federal incentives to expedite pediatric drug development. There is an urgent need to improve how clinical trials are designed, implemented, and conducted to increase the number of approved therapeutic interventions for children.

Methods: The Pediatric Improvement Collaborative for Clinical Trials & Research was created to measure timelines and address delays in the pediatric clinical trials process.

Synthesis and Stabilization of Highly Reactive Haloacetylium Ions.

The reactions of selected haloacetyl fluorides with the strong Lewis acids AsF and SbF were investigated in the aprotic solvent SOClF. Depending on the stoichiometric ratio of AsF or SbF and the haloacetyl fluorides, either -coordinated adducts or the respective haloacetylium ions were isolated as solids. The compounds were characterized by low-temperature vibrational spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Introduction and Validation of Low-Cost Ocular Biometry in Healthy and Cataractous Eyes Using a Thermally Tunable Swept-Source Laser.

Purpose: To introduce and validate a novel substantially lower-priced and rapid swept-source investigational optical biometer in healthy and cataractous eyes, using a thermally tuned laser diode used extensively in cell phones and data communication as an alternative swept source.

Design: Prospective accuracy, validity, and reliability analysis.

Methods: A total of 60 eyes of 59 subjects (29 eyes of 29 healthy subjects and 31 eyes of 30 cataract patients) were enrolled in a prospective comparative study at the Vienna General Hospital between August 2021 and April 2023.

Travel Time to Treating Center is Associated With Diagnostic Delay in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background & Aims: Delayed diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) leads to prolonged symptoms and worse long-term outcomes. We sought to evaluate whether race, ethnicity, disease type, and social factors are associated with delayed diagnosis of pediatric IBD.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD at 22 United States sites from 2019 to 2022.

Role and benefits of infectious diseases specialists in the COVID-19 pandemic: Multilevel analysis of care provision in German hospitals using data from the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (LEOSS) cohort.

Purpose: This study investigates the care provision and the role of infectious disease (ID) specialists during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A survey was conducted at German study sites participating in the Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (LEOSS). Hospitals certified by the German Society of Infectious diseases (DGI) were identified as ID centers.

A novel latex patch model enables cost-effective hands-on teaching in vascular surgery.

Objectives: We developed a new simulator for hands-on teaching of vascular surgical skills, the Leipzig Latex Patch Model (LPM). This study aimed to quantify the effectiveness and acceptance of the LPM evaluated by students, as well as evaluation of the results by experienced vascular surgeons.

Methods: A prospective, single-center, single-blinded, randomized study was conducted.

Promoting vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (vilpa) in middle-aged adults: an evaluation of the movsnax mobile app.

Background: Most adults fail to meet the moderate to vigorous physical activity-based recommendations needed to maintain or improve health. Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity (VILPA) refers to short (1-2 min) high-intensity activities that are integrated into activities of daily living. VILPA has shown strong potential to improve health and addresses commonly reported barriers to physical activity.

Editor's Choice - Ten Year Time Trends of Amputation Surgery in Peripheral Arterial Disease in Germany: Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been associated with suboptimal treatment, high mortality, and high amputation rates. It is unclear how the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic affected this development in a long term context.

Methods: This is a registry based, retrospective, nationwide cohort study including patients hospitalised with PAD as a main or secondary diagnosis and amputation surgery between 2012 - 2021 in Germany.

A comparative analysis of open heart surgery and minimally invasive cardiac surgery in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Background: Historically, the majority of patients admitted to inpatient exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) have undergone open heart surgery (OHS). However, with advances in minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS), these patient groups are also increasingly referred for inpatient EBCR. Herein, we aimed to compare the progress of these groups during rehabilitation.

Randomized Trial Comparing a Stent-Avoiding With a Stent-Preferred Strategy in Complex Femoropopliteal Lesions.

Background: Limited comparative data exist on different interventional strategies for endovascular revascularization of complex femoropopliteal interventions.

Objectives: In this study, the authors aimed to compare a stent-avoiding (SA) vs a stent-preferred (SP) strategy, promoting optimal lesion preparation and the use of drug-eluting technologies in both arms.

Methods: Within a prospective, multicenter, pilot study, 120 patients with symptomatic complex femoropopliteal lesions (Rutherford classification 2-4, mean lesion length 187.

ELECT: prospective, randomized trial comparing microvascular plug versus platinum-fibered microcoils for embolization of aneurysm sac side branches before endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Background: Preemptive selective embolization of aneurysm sac side branches (ASSBs) has been proposed to prevent type II endoleak after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). This study aimed to explore if an embolization strategy using microvascular plugs (MVP) reduces intervention time and radiation dose compared to platinum-fibered microcoils. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the devices in occluding the treated artery was assessed.

Endovascular occlusion of segmental arteries feeding the anterior spinal artery to stage endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic repair.

Objective: Minimally invasive segmental artery coil embolization was introduced to prevent spinal cord ischemia after endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. There is no consensus on whether the endovascular occlusion of segmental arteries feeding directly the anterior radiculomedullary artery and anterior spinal artery can be safely performed without causing spinal cord ischemia. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility and clinical impact of endovascular occlusion of segmental arteries supplying the anterior spinal artery during minimally invasive segmental artery coil embolization in patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

Acquired NF2 mutation confers resistance to TRK inhibition in an ex vivo LMNA::NTRK1-rearranged soft-tissue sarcoma cell model.

Genomic rearrangements of the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase genes (NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3) are the most common mechanism of oncogenic activation for this family of receptors, resulting in sustained cancer cell proliferation. Several targeted therapies have been approved for tumours harbouring NTRK fusions and a new generation of TRK inhibitors has already been developed due to acquired resistance. We established a patient-derived LMNA::NTRK1-rearranged soft-tissue sarcoma cell model ex vivo with an acquired resistance to targeted TRK inhibition.

PRESERFLO™ Microshunt: 1-Year Results of a 25-Gauge vs. 27-Gauge Needle Tract.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the PreserFlo™ microshunt (PMS) using a 25-Gauge vs. 27-Gauge needle tract. : This is a prospective postoperative examination of 60 glaucoma eyes that received a PMS.