Immunogenicity and safety of COVID-19 booster vaccination: A population-based clinical trial to identify the best vaccination strategy.

Background: Various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns (VOCs) characterized by higher transmissibility and immune evasion have emerged. Despite reduced vaccine efficacy against VOCs, currently available vaccines provide protection. Population-based evidence on the humoral immune response after booster vaccination is crucial to guide future vaccination strategies and in preparation for imminent COVID-19 waves.

Multiparametric Prediction Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Selection: Results of a Comparative Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: An understanding vaccine-dependent effects on protective and sustained humoral immune response is crucial to planning future vaccination strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: In this multicenter, population-based, cohort study including 4601 individuals after primary vaccination against COVID-19 ≥ 4 months earlier we compared factors associated with residual antibody levels against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) across different vaccination strategies (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or ChAdOx1).

Results: Our main model including 3787 individuals (2 × BNT162b2, n = 2271; 2 × mRNA-1273, n = 251; 2 × ChAdOx1, n = 1265), predicted significantly lower levels of anti-RBD antibodies after 6 months in individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1 (392.

The Excised Appendix Tip-To Send or not to Send, That is the Question.

A 9-year-old boy, with previous anorectal malformation and neuropathic bladder and bowel, underwent ileocystoplasty, Monti-Mitrofanoff and appendix antegrade colonic enema procedure. The tip of the macroscopically normal appendix was sent for routine histopathology. Microscopy demonstrated a 5-mm well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor extending into muscularis propria.

Pericardial Fat Relates to Disturbances of Glucose Metabolism in Women with the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, but Not in Healthy Control Subjects.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the relationship of cardiac fat depots with disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism in women with PCOS.

Methods: An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was realized, and metabolic parameters were collected in 48 women with PCOS and in 20 controls. Intramyocardial fat (MYCL) and pericardial fat (PERI) were measured using H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging.

To Assess the Association between Glucose Metabolism and Ectopic Lipid Content in Different Clinical Classifications of PCOS.

Aims: There are emerging data indicating an association between PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) and metabolic derangements with potential impact on its clinical presentation. This study aims to evaluate the pathophysiological processes beyond PCOS with particular focus on carbohydrate metabolism, ectopic lipids and their possible interaction. Differences between the two established classifications of the disease should be additionally evaluated.

Testicular atrophy following paediatric primary orchidopexy: A prospective study.

Background: With the Nordic consensus statement advocating orchidopexy at an earlier age, the present study sought to investigate the outcomes of primary paediatric orchidopexy at a tertiary UK centre.

Objective: To prospectively assess testicular atrophy following primary orchidopexy for undescended testes in a paediatric population. Secondary outcomes were complication rates and whether outcomes were dependent on grade of operating surgeon.

Laparoscopic management of obstructed partial duplex with Y ureteric configuration.

An 11-year-old girl underwent a laparoscopic upper-to-lower moiety ureteropyelostomy for lower moiety pelviureteric junction obstruction associated with Y ureteric duplication. She presented with left flank pain and was noted to be hypertensive with microscopic haematuria on admission. An abdominal ultrasound scan revealed a duplex left kidney with gross lower moiety pelvicalyceal dilatation.

Retroperitoneoscopic left upper moiety heminephroureterectomy for dribbling incontinence.

A 7-year-old girl underwent a prone, retroperitoneoscopic left upper moiety heminephroureterectomy for a non-functioning upper moiety associated with a dilated, ectopic ureter. The dilated ureter was noted prenatally, but postnatal investigations failed to demonstrate the duplex system. The child remained asymptomatic until she represented at 6 years of age, with dribbling of urine.

Priapism in children: a comprehensive review and clinical guideline.

Objective: We review the English literature between 1980 and 2013 and summarize the clinical classification, aetiology, physiology, and pathophysiology of paediatric priapism. We propose a clinical guideline for the management of priapism in children.

Patients: Male patients aged ≤ 18 years.

Priapism in teenage boys following depot testosterone.

Priapism is rare in children and may result in erectile dysfunction and sexual aversion behaviours. Testosterone therapy is commonly regarded as safe in children and is widely used in constitutional delay of growth and puberty, hypogonadism, hypospadias and micropenis. We report two cases of priapism in teenage boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty after a change in the formulation of depot testosterone.

Intravesical botulinum type-A toxin (Dysport®) in the treatment of idiopathic detrusor overactivity in children.

Objective: Botulinum type-A toxin is increasingly used for refractory idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) in children. We reviewed our experience and sought to ascertain the influence of dose and functional bladder capacity on outcome.

Patients And Methods: Thirty patients, aged 6-16 years, with urodynamically proven IDO, had intravesical injections of 400-500 iu of Dysport(®).

The role of cystovaginoscopy and hygienic advice in girls referred for symptoms of vulvovaginitis.

Vulvovaginitis is a common presenting symptom referred to a paediatric urology clinic. Some of these patients undergo diagnostic cystovaginoscopy to determine whether there is any underlying anatomical cause for the persistent infection. However, in the majority of the patients, no underlying abnormality is found and they are given hygienic advice and prescribed bio yoghurt postoperatively.

The utilization of stents in the management of primary obstructive megaureters requiring intervention before 1 year of age.

Objective: To analyse the long-term outcome of 16 infants with primary obstructive megaureter managed by (endoscopic or open) stenting over a 10-year period.

Methods: A retrospective case-note and imaging review was performed between 1997 and 2007. Data are presented as medians (range) and were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.

Ergonomics, surgeon comfort, and theater checklists in pediatric laparoscopy.

Unlabelled: Laparoscopy is often carried out with personnel unfamiliar with the equipment and layout, thereby forcing the surgical team to adapt by twisting and stretching awkwardly. This can make laparoscopy more difficult and frustrating for the surgeon, potentially increasing patient risk. We carried out a short survey of laparoscopic procedures to determine when surgeons experience discomfort, and whether or not operative checklists could reduce these.

Aetiology and treatment of symptomatic idiopathic urethral strictures in children.

Objective: To report the presentation and treatment outcomes on a series of 12 paediatric bulbar or posterior urethral strictures that were possibly congenital in origin, identified in a 9-year period.

Methods: A retrospective case-note review of all cases of urethral strictures thought to be congenital in origin, prospectively collected into the departmental database.

Results: The age at presentation had a bimodal distribution with 6/12 presenting in the first year of life of which four had antenatal hydronephrosis and 5/12 presenting after the age of 11 years.

Femoral nerve neuropathy following the psoas hitch procedure.

Objective: To present two cases of femoral nerve neuropathy following a psoas hitch procedure performed during Leadbetter-Politano ureteric reimplantation, and emphasize the importance of this rare complication.

Patients: Two 2-year-old boys with complex urological histories underwent Leadbetter-Politano ureteric reimplantations with a psoas hitch using non-absorbable sutures independently in Turkey and the UK. Postoperatively both developed a femoral nerve palsy, which required re-exploration and removal of the sutures.

Laparoscopic renal biopsy in obese children.

Percutaneous kidney biopsy is routinely used to obtain renal tissue for histological examination. It is usually successful and has very few contraindications. We describe two children with clinical obesity in whom the percutaneous approach failed to yield renal tissue for histology.

Intrathoracic gastric volvulus mimicking pyloric stenosis.

A 5-week-old-infant presented to hospital following the acute onset of non-bilious vomiting with clinical and acid-base features suggestive of pyloric stenosis. A chest radiograph obtained because of intercurrent infection unexpectedly revealed a left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. A barium meal demonstrated the presence of an intrathoracic gastric volvulus, requiring urgent surgical management.

Synchronous bladder reconstruction and antegrade continence enema.

Purpose: We assess the long-term outcome of synchronous bladder reconstruction and antegrade continence enema in a large series of patients.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of the last 50 consecutive patients treated at 1 unit in Southampton and 1 in Denver.

Results: A total of 46 patients were available for analysis, including 24 from Southampton and 22 from Denver.

Thoracoscopy for empyema in children.

Methods: During a 19-month period, seven children with empyema underwent thoracoscopy. The average age was 7.5 years (range, 3 to 15 years) and the duration of illness before surgery 16.