How grid reinforcement costs differ by the income of electric vehicle users.

The simultaneous charging of many electric vehicles in future mobility scenarios may lead to peaks and overloads threatening grid stability. The necessary infrastructure investments vary by the number and model type of vehicles driven and the residents' charging preferences. These attributes significantly depend on socio-economic factors such as income.

Associations of Neighborhood Food Retail Environments with Weight Status in a Regional Pediatric Health System.

There have been mixed findings on the relationships between childhood obesity and macroscale retail food environments. The current study investigates associations of the neighborhood retail food environment with changes in children's weight status over 6 years in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. Anthropometrics and home addresses were collected during routine well-child visits in a large pediatric hospital ( = 4493; >75% were Black or Latinx children).

Don't die like me: Which proteins are responsible for the selective neuronal vulnerability within the substantia nigra?

A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Interestingly, not all of these neurons are affected to the same extent. Studies revealed that neurons located more ventrally within the substantia nigra pars compacta have a higher prevalence to degenerate than those located in the dorsal tier.

Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation of intramural ectopic ureters in a female cat.

Case Summary: An 8-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for chronic urinary incontinence (UI). Since being adopted 6 months earlier, the cat had a history of urine leakage during both activity and rest. Baseline blood work and urine culture showed no significant abnormalities and no evidence of a urinary tract infection.

X-radiography front tracking gradient furnace for directional solidification of bulk Al-alloys.

A unique gradient furnace for directional solidification experiments with bulk Al-alloy samples developed at German Aerospace Center is presented. It allows for in situ process control in solidifying samples by using x-radiography, and further insight into the solidification process is gained in combination with x-ray computational tomography on the solidified samples. Tracking of interfaces during directional solidification of bulk samples via in situ x-radiography (TIREX) enables the investigation of the melting process and observation of the movement of the entire mushy zone through the sample, tracing the solid-liquid interface during directional solidification and correlating the observations with the microstructure of the samples.

Role of affinity in plasma cell development in the germinal center light zone.

Protective immune responses to many pathogens depend on the development of high-affinity antibody-producing plasma cells (PC) in germinal centers (GCs). Transgenic models suggest that there is a stringent affinity-based barrier to PC development. Whether a similar high-affinity barrier regulates PC development under physiologic circumstances and the nature of the PC fate decision has not been defined precisely.

Accuracy of Crit-Line® monitors in predicting hematocrit and change in blood volume of dogs during hemodialysis.

Background: Ultrafiltration (UF) is an extracorporeal technique for treating fluid overload and is monitored with noninvasive blood volume monitors.

Hypothesis/objectives: The primary objective was to determine the accuracy of Crit-Line® III and IV noninvasive blood volume monitors to estimate canine packed cell volume (PCV) and changes in blood volume during UF. A secondary aim was to determine accuracy of targeted ultrafiltration rates (UFR) compared to calculated delivered UFR.

Ultrasonographic features of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

Hypoalbuminemia has been considered as a cause of gallbladder wall thickening in humans and dogs. Recent study revealed that gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia may not be associated with serum albumin/plasma levels within 48 h of ultrasound study. However, gallbladder wall edema may change within 48 h, and the ultrasonographic features of gallbladder wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia have not been reported.

A longitudinal assessment of racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and retail market concentration.

Objective: This paper assesses trends in food environment and market concentration and racial and ethnic inequities in food environment exposure and food retail market concentration at the US census tract level from 2000 to 2019.

Design: Establishment-level data from the National Establishment Time Series were used to measure food environment exposure and food retail market concentration. We linked that dataset to race, ethnicity and social vulnerability information from the American Community Survey and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Iodinated non-ionic contrast medium does not inhibit Escherichia coli growth in ex vivo inoculated canine urine.

Objective: To investigate the effect of iohexol on standardized quantitative urine culture results in dogs. The authors hypothesized that the presence of iohexol in inoculated urine samples would result in lower bacterial concentrations (CFU/mL) and, therefore, decrease culture sensitivity.

Sample: Urine samples were aseptically collected during cystoscopy from a single client-owned dog untreated with antimicrobials.

Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin and lactate levels for risk stratification in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Aims: Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a free-circulating peptide that regulates endothelial barrier function and vascular tone. Here, we sought to study the relationship of ADM in combination with lactate and the risk of death in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods And Results: Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and lactate concentrations were measured in patients with OHCA who survived at least 24 h after the return of spontaneous circulation.

Concentrations and kinetics of renal biomarkers in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus with and without 24-h intravenous lidocaine.

Background: Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) can lead to organ failure including acute kidney injury (AKI). Due to its cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, lidocaine has a potential to prevent AKI in dogs with GDV.

Design And Setting: Prospective, observational cohort study in client-owned dogs with GDV.

Midwifery Autonomy and Employment Changes During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presented the midwifery workforce with challenges for maintaining access to high-quality care and safety for patients and perinatal care providers. This study analyzed associations between different types of professional autonomy and changes in midwives' employment and compensation during the early months of the pandemic.

Methods: An online survey distributed to midwifery practices in fall 2020 compared midwives' employment and compensation in February 2020 and September 2020.

The impact of COVID-19 trade measures on agricultural and food trade.

This paper assesses the determinants of temporary non-tariff measures (NTMs) in response to COVID-19 and their implications for the agricultural and food trade. Using a control function approach, we show that economic and pandemic considerations played an essential role in implementing such NTMs. Relying on variation between treated and untreated varieties, we estimate a dynamic post-event trade response of 5.

Dataset containing physiological amounts of spike-in proteins into murine C2C12 background as a ground truth quantitative LC-MS/MS reference.

In this article, we present a data dependent acquisition (DDA) dataset which was generated as a reference and ground truth quantitative dataset. While initially used to compare samples measured with DDA and data independent acquisition (DIA) (Barkovits et al., 2020), the presented dataset holds potential value as a benchmark reference for any workflows working on DDA data.

Test performance data demonstrates utility of a cattle DIVA skin test reagent (DST-F) compatible with BCG vaccination.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is the lead candidate vaccine for control of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. However, BCG vaccination sensitises cattle to bovine tuberculin, thus compromising the use of the current bovine TB surveillance tests.

A Therapeutic Extracorporeal Device for Specific Removal of Pathologic Asymmetric Dimethylarginine from the Blood.

Introduction: Blood levels of uremic toxin, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), are strongly associated with mortality in sepsis, renal failure, and cardiovascular and renal disease patients.

Methods: An extracorporeal approach to reduce pathological ADMA was developed. The dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) was immobilized on agarose beads to prepare a cartridge.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of a hair foreign body in the urinary bladder of a dog.

A 13-year-old male neutered mixed-breed dog with a history of gallbladder mucocele and urolithiasis was evaluated by ultrasound. Two hyperechoic, linear foreign bodies with no distal acoustic shadowing were detected in the urinary bladder and urethra. Following the ultrasound examination, the patient underwent cystoscopy, and two single hairs were found and successfully retrieved.

Rat retinae data for use as spectral library, for pathway remodeling as well as protein mapping.

This article describes a mass spectrometric data set from rat retinae spiked with indexed Retention Time (iRT) peptides. The provided data set can be used as a spectral library to investigate for instance eye disorders as well as ocular function by data-independent acquisition (DIA) based mass spectrometry. Consequently, there is no urgent need to create an own spectral library, which requires money, time, effort as well as tissue.

Temporal dynamics of intradermal cytokine response to tuberculin in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated cattle using sampling microneedles.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease of livestock with severe and worldwide economic, animal welfare and zoonotic consequences. Application of test-and-slaughter-based control polices reliant on tuberculin skin testing has been the mainstay of bTB control in cattle. However, little is known about the temporal development of the bovine tuberculin skin test response at the dermal sites of antigen injection.

A molecularly defined skin test reagent for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis compatible with vaccination against Johne's Disease.

Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivatives (PPDs) exhibit multiple limitations: they are crude extracts from mycobacterial cultures with largely unknown active components; their production depends on culture of mycobacteria requiring expensive BCL3 production facilities; and their potency depends on the technically demanding guinea pig assay. To overcome these limitations, we developed a molecularly defined tuberculin (MDT) by adding further antigens to our prototype reagent composed of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and Rv3615c (DIVA skin test, DST). In vitro screening using PBMC from infected and uninfected cattle shortlisted four antigens from a literature-based list of 18 to formulate the MDT.

Hydrophobic Mycobacterial Antigens Elicit Polyfunctional T Cells in Immunized Cattle: Association With Protection Against Challenge?

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by , is a chronic disease of cattle with a detrimental impact on food quality and production. Research on bTB vaccines has predominantly been focused on proteinaceous antigens. However, mycobacteria have a thick and intricate lipid outer layer and lipids as well as lipopeptides are important for immune-evasion and virulence.

Mechanical tongue cleaning is a worthwhile procedure to improve the taste sensation.

Background: There are still only a few therapeutic strategies to improve taste sensation, which is part of oral health and quality of life.

Objective: Therefore, here we aimed to investigate gustatory functions of healthy subjects performing mechanical tongue cleaning (MTC), an easy-to-perform oral hygiene procedure, to demonstrate taste changes and to describe possible negative side effects.

Methods: Prior to and 14 days following MTC with an Orabrush , the following tests were conducted in 65 healthy participants including both non-smokers (n = 50, 76.