Human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to training in highly trained rowers.

Previous studies have demonstrated exercise-induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate human skeletal muscle HSP70 response to rowing training. Ten male rowers trained for 4 wk with different forms, durations, and intensities of exercise.

Effect of "living high-training low" on the cardiac functions at sea level.

Living high-training low (LHTL), living at high altitude and training at sea level, is reported to be beneficial in enhancing physical performance. Effect of LHTL on cardiac function which is one of major determinants in performance, however, was not examined. To address this issue, 21 well-trained triathletes divided into control (n = 10, living and training at sea level) and LHTL group (living at 1980 m altitude > or = 12 hrs/day and training at sea level) were Doppler echocardiographically examined before and at the end of the two-week program.

Training of rowers before world championships.

In rowing, static and dynamic work of approximately 70% of the body's muscle mass is involved for 5.5 to 8 min at an average power of 450 to 550 W. In high load training phases before World Championships, training volume reaches 190 min.

Ultra-triathlon-related blood-chemical and endocrinological responses in nine athletes.

Background: Objective of this study was to get more insight in hematology, biochemistry, and endocrinology of ultra-endurance exercise, to improve knowledge in this field, supplementation, and medical care of affected athletes.

Methods: A large body of individual hematological, biochemical, and endocrinological parameters was analyzed in the blood taken from ultra-athletes before and after completing the 1993 Colmar ultra triathlon covering 7.5 km swimming, 360 km cycling, and approximately 85 km running.

Lung diffusing capacity and exercise in subjects with previous high altitude pulmonary oedema.

Subjects with a history of high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) have increased pulmonary artery pressure and more ventilation-perfusion (V'A/Q') inhomogeneity with hypoxia and exercise. We used noninvasive methods to determine whether there are differences in the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL,CO) and cardiac output (Q') during exercise, indicative of a more restricted pulmonary vascular bed in subjects with a history of HAPE. Eight subjects with radiographically documented HAPE and five controls with good altitude tolerance had standard pulmonary function testing and were studied during exercise at 30 and 50% of normoxic maximal oxygen consumption (V'O2) at an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 0.

[Sleep and respiration at an altitude of 6,400 m (Aconcagua, Argentina].

Unlabelled: Persons at extreme altitudes are known to experience disturbances in the regulation of ventilation and sleep structure. However, except for simulated studies using the decompression chamber, only single events of sleep or ventilation were measured so far in field studies up to an altitude of 5800 m. Modifying a portable sleep lab (Vitalog HMS 5000), we were able to conduct 7 channel polygraphy on our ascent to the Aconcagua up to an altitude of 6400 m.

After-effects of a high altitude expedition on blood.

The aim of the study was to investigate blood alterations caused by altitude acclimatization which last more than few days after return and might play a role for exercise performance at sea level. Measurements were performed in 12 mountaineers before, during and either 7/8 or 11/12 days after a Himalaya expedition (26-29 days at 4900 to 7600 m altitude). [Erythropoietin] rose only temporarily at altitude (max.

Training and overtraining: an overview and experimental results in endurance sports.

Overtraining can be defined as "training-competition > > recovery imbalance", that is assumed to result in glycogen deficit, catabolic > anabolic imbalance, neuroendocrine imbalance, amino acid imbalance, and autonomic imbalance. Additional non-training stress factors and monotony of training exacerbate the risk of a resulting overtraining syndrome. Short-term overtraining called overreaching which can be seen as a normal part of athletic training, must be distinguished from long-term overtraining that can lead to a state described as burnout, staleness or overtraining syndrome.

Validation of the acetylene rebreathing method for measurement of cardiac output at rest and during high-intensity exercise.

The use of the acetylene rebreathing method to estimate cardiac output (CO) during high-intensity exercise, which may be influenced by recirculation of acetylene, has not been validated. This study was designed to validate the acetylene rebreathing method to measure CO during high-intensity exercise using the direct Fick method. CO was measured at rest and during exercise at 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of the nine subjects' maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) by the direct Fick and acetylene rebreathing method.

Effect of felodipine on regional blood supply and collateral vascular resistance in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed to investigate the acute effect of felodipine on regional blood supply and collateral vascular resistance in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Thirty men with PAOD were treated with a single dose of 5 mg felodipine or placebo. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Doppler ankle pressure (DAP), calf blood flow (CBF) by venous occlusion plethysmography and calf transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcpO2) were measured during a cycle ergometry.

Comparison of whole-body thallium imaging with transcutaneous PO2 in studying regional blood supply in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

Quantitatively estimating functional reserve of blood supply to the legs in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) remains a clinical issue. This study was designed to investigate the regional blood supply to the legs in PAOD patients during exercise by use of thallium 201 (201Tl) whole-body imaging in comparison with transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurement. Thirty-three patients with PAOD and 10 subjects without PAOD (control) performed an incremental cycle ergometry (CE), while tcPO2 was continuously registered on the involved calf.

Unaccustomed high-mileage vs intensity training-related changes in performance and serum amino acid levels.

To test the overtraining-related "imbalanced amino acid hypothesis" (19), the influence of an unaccustomed average 103 %.4 wk-1 increase in training mileage (ITV) on performance and on serum levels of individual amino acids (AAs) was examined in distance runners and controlled by an unaccustomed average 152%.4 wk-1 increase in tempo-pace and interval runs (ITI).

Ukrain therapy of a recurrent astrocytoma of the optic nerve (case report).

An eight year old girl was twice operated (1989 and 1991) for a Grade I astrocytoma of the chiasma. Because of early recurrence and the fact that the tumour could only be extirpated subtotally Ukrain monotherapy was initiated.

Ukrain therapy in a frontal anaplastic grade III astrocytoma (case report).

Ukrain, a semisynthetic thiophosphoric acid compound of alkaloid chelidonine from Chelidonium majus L. (1) causes regression of various tumours. Among other effects, its action seems to depend on the stimulation of the immune system which very often is deficient in cancer patients.

Lung diffusion capacity, oxygen uptake, cardiac output and oxygen transport during exercise before and after an himalayan expedition.

Studies were made of pulmonary diffusion capacity and oxygen transport before and after an expedition to altitudes at and above 4900 m. Maximum power (Pmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were measured in 11 mountaineers in an incremental cycle ergometer test (25W.min-1) before and after return from basecamp (30 days at 4900 m or higher).

Hypoxic ventilatory response during rest and exercise after a Himalayan expedition.

Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) was examined before and after acclimatization to high altitude. Transient hyperoxic switches according to Dejours's technique were used to examine the contribution of HVR to the hyperpnoea of increasing exercise intensities. Ten mountaineers were exposed to hypoxia (oxygen fraction in inspired gas.

Transcutaneous oxygen tension and Doppler ankle pressure during upper and lower body exercise in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.

The effects of upper and lower body exercise on blood supply to the lower extremities were investigated in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) by measurements of transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and Doppler ankle pressure (DAP). Twenty patients with PAOD (PAOD group) and 10 subjects without PAOD (control group) performed treadmill test (TT), recumbent cycle ergometry (CE), and rowing ergometry (RE) with a fixed seat. The tcPO2 was registered on the calf and DAP was measured at the end of each step of CE and RE.

Serum amino acid concentrations in nine athletes before and after the 1993 Colmar ultra triathlon.

The amino acid imbalance hypothesis should explain the fatigue originating in the brain during sustained exercise or over-training as a branched-chain (BCAA)/aromatic amino acids (AAA) imbalance with increased brain tryptophan uptake and 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis. The serum amino acid profile was determined in 9 ultra-triathletes before and after completing the 1993 Colmar ultra-triathlon to additionally analyse the extent of this amino acid imbalance during such an extreme prolonged contest lasting more than 23 hours. The summed serum concentration of 25 amino acids decreased by 18% from 3962 +/- 846 to 3255 +/- 694 umol.

Does the threshold of transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide represent the respiratory compensation point or anaerobic threshold?

On reaching the respiratory compensation point (RCP) during rapidly increasing incremental exercise, the ratio of minute ventilation (VE) to CO2 output (VCO2) rises, which coincides with changes of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Since PaCO2 changes can be monitored by transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2,tc) RCP may be estimated by PCO2,tc measurement. Few available studies, however, have dealt with comparisons between PCO2,tc threshold (TAT) and lactic, ventilatory or gas exchange threshold (VAT), and the results have been conflicting.

Unaccustomed high mileage compared to intensity training-related neuromuscular excitability in distance runners.

The influence of a 4-week unaccustomed average 103% mileage increase (ITV, increase in training volume; n = 8; average baseline mileage 85.9 km.week-1, final mileage 174.

Physiological aspects of training in rowing.

At the start of a rowing race, the boat is accelerated and the force on the oars reaches between 1000 and 1500 N. During the race, the speed is maintained at a lower level with a peak rowing force of 500-700 N for 210-230 strokes for about 6.5 min.

Performance and blood lactate on Gjessing and Concept II rowing ergometers.

The Gjessing (GE) and the wind resistance (Concept II, CII) rowing ergometers were compared in 11 trained subjects during incremental exercise. Maximum power was 255 (200-370) W on GE, but 294 (204-393) W in CII (median and range, p < 0.05).