Herpesviruses mimic zygotic genome activation to promote viral replication.

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is crucial for maternal to zygotic transition at the 2-8-cell stage in order to overcome silencing of genes and enable transcription from the zygotic genome. In humans, ZGA is induced by DUX4, a pioneer factor that drives expression of downstream germline-specific genes and retroelements. Here we show that herpesviruses from all subfamilies, papillomaviruses and Merkel cell polyomavirus actively induce DUX4 expression to promote viral transcription and replication.

Jargon and Readability in Plain Language Summaries of Health Research: Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

Background: The idea of making science more accessible to nonscientists has prompted health researchers to involve patients and the public more actively in their research. This sometimes involves writing a plain language summary (PLS), a short summary intended to make research findings accessible to nonspecialists. However, whether PLSs satisfy the basic requirements of accessible language is unclear.

Multivariate Modelling and Prediction of High-Frequency Sensor-Based Cerebral Physiologic Signals: Narrative Review of Machine Learning Methodologies.

Monitoring cerebral oxygenation and metabolism, using a combination of invasive and non-invasive sensors, is vital due to frequent disruptions in hemodynamic regulation across various diseases. These sensors generate continuous high-frequency data streams, including intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), providing real-time insights into cerebral function. Analyzing these signals is crucial for understanding complex brain processes, identifying subtle patterns, and detecting anomalies.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Postoperative Hemorrhage and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Pituitary Adenomas Under Acetylsalicylic Acid.

Postoperative hemorrhages (POHs) after pituitary adenoma surgery can have devastating consequences for patients. Many patients take acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular or stroke events. However, the impact of continued low-dose ASA use on the risk of postoperative hemorrhage and the frequency of thromboembolic events after discontinuing ASA in these patients remain poorly understood.

Reviewing the Evidence Base for Topical Steroid Withdrawal Syndrome in the Research Literature and Social Media Platforms: An Evidence Gap Map.

Background: Within the dermatological community, topical steroid withdrawal syndrome (TSWS) is a medically contested condition with a limited research base. Published studies on TSWS indicate that it is a distinct adverse effect of prolonged use of topical corticosteroids, but there is a paucity of high-quality research evidence. Among the "patient community," awareness has been increasing, with rapid growth in social media posts on TSWS and the introduction of online communities such as the International Topical Steroid Awareness Network.

Artifact identification and removal methodologies for intracranial pressure signals: a systematic scoping review.

. Intracranial pressure measurement (ICP) is an essential component of deriving of multivariate data metrics foundational to improving understanding of high temporal relationships in cerebral physiology. A significant barrier to this work is artifact ridden data.

The MARVIN Hypothesis: Linking Unhealthy Lifestyles to Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Risk and Clinical Prognosis.

: The rising incidence of modifiable lifestyle risk factors and cardiovascular diseases, driven by poor diet, inactivity, excessive alcohol use, and smoking, may influence the development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IA). This study aimed to examine the impact of lifestyle-related and cardiovascular risk factors on IA rupture and patient outcomes. : We developed the "MARVIN" (Metabolic and Adverse Risk Factors and Vices Influencing Intracranial Aneurysms) model and conducted a retrospective analysis of 303 patients with 517 IAs, treated between 2007 and 2020.

Risk of Postoperative Hemorrhage After Glioma Surgery in Patients with Preoperative Acetylsalicylic Acid.

Background/objectives: Patients with gliomas show an increased risk of spontaneous hemorrhages throughout the disease. Simultaneously, the number of patients taking acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) for primary and secondary prophylaxis is rising in daily clinical practice, and interrupting ASA intake before elective or emergency intracranial surgery is not always feasible. This study aims to evaluate the risks associated with continuing ASA use perioperatively while focusing on hemorrhage and potential thromboembolic events that may arise from discontinuing ASA, particularly in multimorbid patients undergoing glioma surgery.

Development and Assessment of a High-Fidelity Simulator for the Microsurgical Dissection of the Sylvian Fissure.

Background: The dissection of the Sylvian fissure (SF) is a crucial technique requiring considerable expertise and skills traditionally acquired through years of experience. The continuous decline in surgical case-load necessitates the development of efficient alternative training opportunities. However, building a realistic and effective training simulator for the microsurgical dissection of the SF as an integral part of the neurosurgical curriculum remains a challenging endeavor.

The tumor-neutrophil interactions in the microenvironment of brain metastases with different primary sites.

Brain metastases (BrM) originating from lung and breast cancer can recruit and activate neutrophils to acquire a tumor-promoting phenotype. It is currently unclear if this phenomenon also occurs in BrM arising from other primary sites. Here, we investigated the effect of tumor cells isolated from melanoma, lung and gastrointestinal (GI) cancer BrM on neutrophil biology and functions.

Left Atrial Appendage Closure after Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Oral anticoagulation is recommended after ablation for atrial fibrillation among patients at high risk for stroke. Left atrial appendage closure is a mechanical alternative to anticoagulation, but data regarding its use after atrial fibrillation ablation are lacking.

Methods: We conducted an international randomized trial involving 1600 patients with atrial fibrillation who had an elevated score (≥2 in men and ≥3 in women) on the CHADS-VASc scale (range, 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating a greater risk of stroke) and who underwent catheter ablation.

Association Between Clinical Measures of Depth of Sedation and Multimodal Cerebral Physiology in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury.

Neurointensive care primarily focuses on secondary injury reduction, utilizing a variety of guideline-based approaches (including administration of high-dose sedation) to reduce the injured state. However, titration of sedation is currently based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), a subjective clinical grading score of a patient's response to external physical stimuli, and not an objective measure. Therefore, it is likely that there exists substantial variation in objective sedation depth for a given clinical grade in these patients, leading to undesired sedation depths and cerebral physiological consequences.

Sex Differences in Intracranial Aneurysms: A Matched Cohort Study.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) predominantly affects women, accounting for 65% of cases. Women have a 1.3 times higher relative risk than men, with the incidence rising particularly in women aged 55-85 years.

A machine learning approach uncovers principles and determinants of eukaryotic ribosome pausing.

Nonuniform local translation speed dictates diverse protein biogenesis outcomes. To unify known and uncover unknown principles governing eukaryotic elongation rate, we developed a machine learning pipeline to analyze RiboSeq datasets. We find that the chemical nature of the incoming amino acid determines how codon optimality influences elongation rate, with hydrophobic residues more dependent on transfer RNA (tRNA) levels than charged residues.

Intracranial Aneurysms and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Is There an Association between Large- and Small-Artery Diseases?

: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) may be connected to interactions between large and small intracranial vessels. We aimed to investigate the association between IAs and cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) and assess CSVD impact on IA patient management. : This retrospective study analyzed clinical data and MRI features of CSVD in 192 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients: 136 with incidental IA, 147 with severe CSVD without SAH/IA, and 50 controls without SAH, IA, or severe CSVD.

Late Relapse of Previous Pulmonary Cryptococcosis With Symptoms Resembling Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report.

Cryptococcosis, an infection caused by , predominantly targets the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with AIDS but is not limited to this group. The disease can also occur in individuals with various immunosuppressive conditions, frequently involving the brain or lungs. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the most common form of fungal meningoencephalitis, leading to intracerebral infections, cerebral infarction, or hydrocephalus.

Responding to fluctuations in public and community trust and health seeking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study of national decision-makers' perspectives in Guinea and Sierra Leone.

Background: The level of trust in health systems is often in flux during public health emergencies and presents challenges in providing adequate health services and preventing the spread of disease. Experiences during previous epidemics has shown that lack of trust can impact the continuity of essential health services and response efforts. Guinea and Sierra Leone were greatly challenged by a lack of trust in the system during the Ebola epidemic.

Assessment of Antitachycardia Pacing in Primary Prevention Patients: The APPRAISE ATP Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The emergence of novel programming guidelines that reduce premature and inappropriate therapies along with the availability of new implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) technologies lacking traditional endocardial antitachycardia pacing (ATP) capabilities requires the reevaluation of ATP as a first strategy in terminating fast ventricular tachycardias (VTs) in primary prevention ICD recipients.

Objective: To assess the role of ATP in terminating fast VTs in primary prevention ICD recipients with contemporary programming.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This global, prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial had an equivalence design with a relative margin of 35%.