Age and healthy lifestyle behavior's disparities and similarities on knowledge of myocardial infarction symptoms and risk factors among public and outpatients in a resource-limited setting, cross-sectional study in greater Gaborone, Botswana.

Objectives: In this cross-sectional study from Botswana, we investigated knowledge of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms and risk factors among the general public and outpatients with MI risk factors based on age and lifestyle behaviors, in addition to assessing associations with sociodemographic and MI risk factors.

Method: Open-ended questionnaires about 8 MI symptoms and 10 risk factors, were administered by research assistants to a representative selection of outpatients (n = 525) and the public (n = 2248). Weight and height were measured in all participants and BMI was calculated.

Safety and efficacy of tenecteplase in patients with wake-up stroke assessed by non-contrast CT (TWIST): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Current evidence supports the use of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase in patients with wake-up stroke selected with MRI or perfusion imaging and is recommended in clinical guidelines. However, access to advanced imaging techniques is often scarce. We aimed to determine whether thrombolytic treatment with intravenous tenecteplase given within 4·5 h of awakening improves functional outcome in patients with ischaemic wake-up stroke selected using non-contrast CT.

Public and outpatients' awareness of calling emergency medical services immediately by acute stroke in an upper middle-income country: a cross-sectional questionnaire study in greater Gaborone, Botswana.

Objectives: In this cross-sectional study from Botswana, we investigated awareness of calling emergency medical services (EMS) and seeking immediate medical assistance by acute stroke among stroke risk outpatients and public.

Method: Closed-ended questionnaires on awareness of calling EMS and seeking immediate medical assistance by acute stroke, were administered by research assistants to a representative selection of outpatients and public.

Results: The response rate was 96.

Evaluation of Error Production in Animal Fluency and Its Relationship to Frontal Tracts in Normal Aging and Mild Alzheimer's Disease: A Combined LDA and Time-Course Analysis Investigation.

Semantic verbal fluency (VF), assessed by animal category, is a task widely used for early detection of dementia. A feature not regularly assessed is the occurrence of errors such as perseverations and intrusions. So far, no investigation has analyzed the how and when of error occurrence during semantic VF in aging populations, together with their possible neural correlates.

Long-Term Survival, Causes of Death, and Trends in 5-Year Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The Tromsø Study.

Background And Purpose: Data on long-term survival after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are scarce. In a population-based nested case-control study, we compared long-term survival and causes of death within 5 years in 30-day survivors of first-ever ICH and controls, assessed the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on 5-year mortality, and analyzed time trend in 5-year mortality in ICH patients over 2 decades.

Methods: We included 219 participants from the population-based Tromsø Study, who after the baseline participation had a first-ever ICH between 1994 to 2013 and 1095 age- and sex-matched participants without ICH.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge of modifiable stroke risk factors: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey in greater Gaborone, Botswana.

Background: Stroke remains the second leading cause of deaths and disability globally, with highest mortality in Africa (low- and middle-income countries). It is crucial for healthcare professionals to have sufficient stroke risk factors' knowledge in order to reduce the stroke burden.

Aims: We investigated healthcare professionals' knowledge of modifiable stroke risk factors, and identified demographic factors influencing this knowledge.

Brain amyloid and vascular risk are related to distinct white matter hyperintensity patterns.

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with vascular risk and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we examined relations between WMH load and distribution, amyloid pathology and vascular risk in 339 controls and cases with either subjective (SCD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Regional deep (DWMH) and periventricular (PWMH) WMH loads were determined using an automated algorithm.

Amyloid Plaques and Symptoms of Depression Links to Medical Help-Seeking due to Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Background: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, patients reporting SCD to their general practitioner are not always referred to a memory clinic.

Objective: To investigate whether prior history of medical help-seeking is associated with AD biomarker abnormality, worse cognitive performance, and/or depressive symptoms in SCD.

The association between anthropometric measures of adiposity and the progression of carotid atherosclerosis.

Background: Few reports are available on the contribution of general and abdominal obesity to the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in late adulthood. This study investigated the impact of four simple anthropometric measures of general and abdominal obesity on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis and the extent to which the association between adiposity and the progression of plaque burden is mediated by cardiometabolic markers.

Methods: Four thousand three hundred forty-five adults (median age 60) from the population-based Tromsø Study were followed over 7 years from the first carotid ultrasound screening to the next.

Progression of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease risk in individuals: insights from the PROG-IMT consortium.

Aims: Averaged measurements, but not the progression based on multiple assessments of carotid intima-media thickness, (cIMT) are predictive of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals. Whether this is true for conventional risk factors is unclear.

Methods And Results: An individual participant meta-analysis was used to associate the annualised progression of systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with future cardiovascular disease risk in 13 prospective cohort studies of the PROG-IMT collaboration ( = 34,072).

Demographically adjusted CERAD wordlist test norms in a Norwegian sample from 40 to 80 years.

In recent years, several slightly younger cohorts have been established in order to study the preclinical and prodromal phases of dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) wordlist memory test (WLT) is widely used in dementia research. However, culturally adapted and demographically adjusted test norms for younger ages are lacking.

Dietary intake of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and future risk of venous thromboembolism.

Background: Studies on the association between long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are conflicting, potentially due to challenges related to assessment of n-3 PUFA intake and changes in diet during follow-up.

Objectives: To investigate whether dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFAs was associated with risk of incident VTE in a population-based cohort with repeated assessments of n-3 PUFA intake.

Methods: We recruited 21 970 participants (after excluding 7570 with incomplete data) from the fourth (1994-1995) and sixth (2007-2008) surveys of the Tromsø Study, and recorded incident VTEs up to 2016.

Correction: Predictive value for cardiovascular events of common carotid intima media thickness and its rate of change in individuals at high cardiovascular risk - Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The impact of risk factor trends on intracerebral hemorrhage incidence over the last two decades-The Tromsø Study.

Background: Studies on the relationship between temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are scarce.

Aims: To analyze temporal trends in risk factors and incidence rates of intracerebral hemorrhage using individual data from a population-based study.

Methods: We included 28,167 participants of the Tromsø Study enrolled between 1994 and 2008.

Creatine kinase is associated with reduced inflammation in a general population: The Tromsø study.

Background: Creatine kinase (CK) has been associated with reduced inflammation in obesity while inflammation is associated with obesity-related cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the relationship between CK and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in a general population.

Methods: CK and hs-CRP were measured in the population-based Tromsø study that included entire birth cohorts and random samples of citizens between 30-87 years of age.

Fish consumption, fish oil supplements and risk of atherosclerosis in the Tromsø study.

Background: Whether long-chain n-3 PUFAs of marine origin have an anti-atherogenic effect in the general population has hardly been studied. In this population-based study, we hypothesized that fatty fish and fish oil intake protect against development of novel atherosclerotic plaques and is associated with reduced plaque size.

Methods: We obtained questionnaire-based information on fish consumption and carotid ultrasonography from 3900 persons aged 45-74 years.

Joint Effect of Carotid Plaque and C-Reactive Protein on First-Ever Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction?

Background: The joint effect of atherosclerosis and CRP (C-reactive protein) on risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) has been sparsely studied. The aim of this study was to explore whether CRP mediates the risk of events in subjects with prevalent carotid plaque, examine synergism, and test whether CRP and carotid plaque add to risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors.

Methods And Results: CRP and carotid total plaque area (TPA) were measured in 10 109 participants in the Tromsø Study from 1994 to 2008.

The contribution of obesity to carotid atherosclerotic plaque burden in a general population sample in Norway: The Tromsø Study.

Background And Aims: Few studies have investigated the association of different measures of adiposity with carotid plaque. We aimed to investigate and compare the associations of four measures of adiposity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with the presence of carotid plaque and total plaque area (TPA) in the right carotid artery.

Methods: We included 4906 individuals aged 31-88 years who participated in a population-based study with ultrasonography of the right carotid artery.

Predictive value for cardiovascular events of common carotid intima media thickness and its rate of change in individuals at high cardiovascular risk - Results from the PROG-IMT collaboration.

Aims: Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) predicts cardiovascular (CVD) events, but the predictive value of CIMT change is debated. We assessed the relation between CIMT change and events in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods And Results: From 31 cohorts with two CIMT scans (total n = 89070) on average 3.

Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of progressive atherosclerosis in the carotid artery: The Tromsø Study.

Background And Aims: Novel biomarkers are linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between 28 blood biomarkers and the formation and progression of carotid plaque.

Methods: In a nested case control study with 703 participants from the population based Tromsø Study, a large biomarker panel was measured in blood obtained at baseline.

Screening for Alzheimer's Disease: Cognitive Impairment in Self-Referred and Memory Clinic-Referred Patients.

Background: Cognitive assessment is essential in tracking disease progression in AD. Presently, cohorts including preclinical at-risk participants are recruited by different means, which may bias cognitive and clinical features. We compared recruitment strategies to levels of cognitive functioning.

Detecting At-Risk Alzheimer's Disease Cases.

While APOEɛ4 is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid dysmetabolism is an initial or early event predicting clinical disease and is an important focus for secondary intervention trials. To improve identification of cases with increased AD risk, we evaluated recruitment procedures using pathological CSF concentrations of Aβ42 (pAβ) and APOEɛ4 as risk markers in a multi-center study in Norway. In total, 490 subjects aged 40-80 y were included after response to advertisements and media coverage or memory clinics referrals.

C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis - A risk marker but not a causal factor? A 13-year population-based longitudinal study: The Tromsø study.

Background And Aims: CRP predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) in large epidemiologic studies. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of CRP in atherosclerosis formation and progression in a prospective population-based study.

Methods: 6503 middle-aged subjects from The Tromsø study had serum CRP, carotid ultrasound and complete covariate data collected at baseline in 1994.

Impact of Venous Thromboembolism on the Formation and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Tromsø Study.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with increased risk of arterial cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and development of atherosclerosis secondary to VTE may be an intermediate between VTE and CVD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether incident VTE was associated with subsequent carotid atherosclerosis formation and progression in a population-based observational study. Subjects attending two or more ultrasound examinations of the right carotid artery, with measurement of total plaque area (TPA), in the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995, 2001-2002, and/or 2007-2008 were eligible.