Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Promotes state-dependent Effects on Neuroinflammatory and Behavioral Parameters in rats Chronically Exposed to Stress and a Hyper-Palatable Diet.

Chronic stress is a common condition affecting health, often associated with unhealthy eating habits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been proposed to address these issues. Thus, this research investigated the effects of tDCS on biometric, behavioral, and neurochemical parameters in chronically stressed rats fed a hyper-palatable cafeteria diet (CAFD).

Differences in Telomere Length between Adolescent Females with Anorexia Nervosa Restricting Type and Anorexia Nervosa Binge-Purge Type.

Physiological and psychological distress may accelerate cellular aging, manifested by shortening of telomere length (TL). The present study focused on TL shortening in anorexia nervosa (AN), an illness combining physiological and psychological distress. For that purpose, we measured TL in 44 female adolescents with AN at admission to inpatient treatment, in a subset of 18 patients also at discharge, and in 22 controls.

Early veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an effective strategy for traumatically injured patients presenting with refractory respiratory failure.

Background: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) is used for respiratory failure when standard therapy fails. Optimal trauma care requires patients be stable enough to undergo procedures. Early VV ECMO (EVV) to stabilize trauma patients with respiratory failure as part of resuscitation could facilitate additional care.

Medicaid Costs and Utilization of Collaborative Versus Colocation Care for Patients With Depression.

Objective: The authors examined cost and utilization metrics for racially diverse Medicaid primary care patients with depression receiving care through either a collaborative care model (CoCM) of integration or the standard colocation model.

Methods: Data from a retrospective cohort of Medicaid patients screening positive for clinically significant depression during January 2016-December 2017 were analyzed to assess health care costs and selected utilization measures. Seven primary care clinics providing CoCM were compared with 16 clinics providing colocated behavioral health care.

Middle-income country perspectives on global mental health.

Purpose Of Review: Despite being a relatively new discipline, global mental health (GMH) has made substantial advances, paying particular attention to optimising the provision of mental health services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Much of the work done in GMH has focused on low-income countries (LIC), but middle-income countries (MIC) such as Brazil, China, India, and South Africa, have particular characteristics that may impact the nature of this work. Here we examine key GMH issues, including mental health legislation, burden of disease, task-sharing, and mental health clinical and research capacity-building, in the MIC context.

Case report: Anorexia nervosa and unspecified restricting-type eating disorder in Jewish ultra-orthodox religious males, leading to severe physical and psychological morbidity.

Background: Young Jewish Ultra-Orthodox women usually show less disturbances in body image and eating in comparison to less religious communities. By contrast, problems with eating are highly unknown and unrecognized in Jewish Ultra-Orthodox males.

Aim: To investigate whether in Ultra-Orthodox males, restricting-type AN (AN-R) with highly obsessional physical activity and unspecified restricting eating disorder (ED) in the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) would lead to severe physical and emotional morbidity.

Persistent accelerated epigenetic ageing in a longitudinal cohort of vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents.

We have previously shown accelerated ageing in adolescents perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV +), based on discrepancies between epigenetic and chronological age. The current study examines follow-up longitudinal patterns of epigenetic ageing and the association of epigenetic ageing with cognition as well as whole brain structure changes in PHIV + and healthy controls enrolled in the Cape Town Adolescent Antiretroviral Cohort Study (CTAAC). The Illumina EPIC array was used to generate blood DNA methylation data from 60 PHIV + adolescents and 36 age-matched controls aged 9-12 years old at baseline and again at a 36-month follow-up.

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men.

Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries.

The functional connectome in obsessive-compulsive disorder: resting-state mega-analysis and machine learning classification for the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Current knowledge about functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is based on small-scale studies, limiting the generalizability of results. Moreover, the majority of studies have focused only on predefined regions or functional networks rather than connectivity throughout the entire brain. Here, we investigated differences in resting-state functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HC) using mega-analysis of data from 1024 OCD patients and 1028 HC from 28 independent samples of the ENIGMA-OCD consortium.

Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Focus on Agomelatine.

Patients with depression require thorough clinical assessment, which should include symptom profile, severity and staging, personality factors, antecedent and concurrent psychiatric comorbidity, physical comorbidity, neurocognitive function, exposure to stressors in early life (e.g. trauma) or recently (e.

Case-controlled field study of the ICD-11 clinical descriptions and diagnostic requirements for Bodily Distress Disorders.

Aims: Mental disorders characterized by preoccupation with distressing bodily symptoms and associated functional impairment have been a target of major reconceptualization in the ICD-11, in which a single category of Bodily Distress Disorder (BDD) with different levels of severity replaces most of the Somatoform Disorders in ICD-10. This study compared the accuracy of clinicians' diagnosis of disorders of somatic symptoms using either the ICD-11 or ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines in an online study.

Methods: Clinically active members of the World Health Organization's Global Clinical Practice Network (N = 1065) participating in English, Spanish, or Japanese were randomly assigned to apply ICD-11 or ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines to one of nine pairs of standardized case vignettes.

Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Use and COVID-19 Infection Outcomes.

Importance: Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 therapies across a diverse population with varied risk factors is needed to inform clinical practice.

Objective: To assess the safety of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) for the treatment of COVID-19 and their association with adverse outcomes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study included 167 183 patients from a consortium of 4 health care systems based in California, Minnesota, Texas, and Utah.

Dorfman pooling enhances SARS-CoV-2 large-scale community testing efficiency.

PCR-based analysis is the gold standard for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and was used broadly throughout the pandemic. However, heightened demand for testing put strain on diagnostic resources and the adequate amount of PCR-based testing required exceeded existing testing capacity. Pooled testing strategies presented an effective method to increase testing capacity by decreasing the number of tests and resources required for laboratory PCR analysis of SARS-CoV-2.

Genome-wide association study in 404,302 individuals identifies 7 significant loci for reaction time variability.

Reaction time variability (RTV), reflecting fluctuations in response time on cognitive tasks, has been proposed as an endophenotype for many neuropsychiatric disorders. There have been no large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) of RTV and little is known about its genetic underpinnings. Here, we used data from the UK Biobank to conduct a GWAS of RTV in participants of white British ancestry ( = 404,302) as well as a trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis ( = 44,873) to assess replication.

Joint Effects of Indoor Air Pollution and Maternal Psychosocial Factors During Pregnancy on Trajectories of Early Childhood Psychopathology.

Background: Prenatal indoor air pollution and maternal psychosocial factors have been associated with adverse psychopathology. We used environmental exposure mixture methodology to investigate joint effects of both exposure classes on child behavior trajectories.

Methods: For 360 children from the South African Drakenstein Child Health Study, we created trajectories of Child Behavior Checklist scores (24, 42, 60 months) using latent class linear mixed effects models.

Self-organized intracellular twisters.

Life in complex systems, such as cities and organisms, comes to a standstill when global coordination of mass, energy, and information flows is disrupted. Global coordination is no less important in single cells, especially in large oocytes and newly formed embryos, which commonly use fast fluid flows for dynamic reorganization of their cytoplasm. Here, we combine theory, computing, and imaging to investigate such flows in the Drosophila oocyte, where streaming has been proposed to spontaneously arise from hydrodynamic interactions among cortically anchored microtubules loaded with cargo-carrying molecular motors.

Self-organized intracellular twisters.

Life in complex systems, such as cities and organisms, comes to a standstill when global coordination of mass, energy, and information flows is disrupted. Global coordination is no less important in single cells, especially in large oocytes and newly formed embryos, which commonly use fast fluid flows for dynamic reorganization of their cytoplasm. Here, we combine theory, computing, and imaging to investigate such flows in the Drosophila oocyte, where streaming has been proposed to spontaneously arise from hydrodynamic interactions among cortically anchored microtubules loaded with cargo-carrying molecular motors.