Brazilian guidelines for the management of brain-dead potential organ donors. The task force of the Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Associação Brasileira de Transplantes de Órgãos, Brazilian Research in Critical Care Network, and the General Coordination of the National Transplant System.

Objective: To contribute to updating the recommendations for brain-dead potential organ donor management.

Methods: A group of 27 experts, including intensivists, transplant coordinators, transplant surgeons, and epidemiologists, answered questions related to the following topics were divided into mechanical ventilation, hemodynamics, endocrine-metabolic management, infection, body temperature, blood transfusion, and checklists use. The outcomes considered were cardiac arrests, number of organs removed or transplanted as well as function / survival of transplanted organs.

#MentalHealthArt: How Instagram artists promote mental health awareness online.

Objectives: Instagram artwork about mental illness was examined to learn how artists promote awareness about mental health and mental illness.

Study Design: Mixed methods predictive and descriptive analyses were conducted on a public dataset of artwork posts from Instagram.

Methods: One thousand art images were classified by media (painting, drawing, collage, photograph, digital art, printmaking, sculpture, jewelry, or other) and style (representational, nonrepresentational, and functional).

[Formula: see text]Parent perceptions of pediatric neuropsychological evaluations: a systematic review.

To synthesize current knowledge of the impact of pediatric neuropsychological evaluations on child functioning, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on parents' overall satisfaction with their child's evaluation and perceptions of how helpful the evaluation was for understanding their child's abilities and how useful the evaluation was for providing actionable information to elicit change. Parent satisfaction is important in this context because studies on healthcare consumption indicate a substantial relationship between patient satisfaction with services and implementation of recommendations and follow-up care. We followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review of the literature on parent perception of pediatric neuropsychological evaluations for children aged 3-21 years.

Immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Ugandan adults who resist versus those who develop latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Background: The search for immune correlates of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in humans is limited by the focus on peripheral blood measures. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) can safely be done and provides insight into cellular function in the lung where infection is first established. In this study, blood and lung samples were assayed to determine if heavily MTB exposed persons who resist development of latent MTB infection (RSTR) vs those who develop latent MTB infection (LTBI), differ in the make-up of resident BAL innate and adaptive immune cells.

Is dietary pattern a mediator of the relationship between socioeconomic status and dental caries?

Objective: To investigate whether a healthy diet and added sugar mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and oral health status in adults.

Methods: This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of adult participants from the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the United States (n=3367). Structural equation modeling tested direct and indirect pathways from a latent variable for socioeconomic status to oral health via healthy eating (Health Eating Index) and added sugar in a multiple-mediator multiple-outcome model.

Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates and Postpartum Depression: The Role of Neurosteroid Hormone Disruption.

Context: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder. While causes remain poorly understood, perinatal sex hormone fluctuations are an important factor, and allopregnanolone in particular has emerged as a key determinant. Although synthetic environmental chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates are known to affect sex hormones, no studies have measured allopregnanolone and the consequences of these hormonal changes on PPD have not been interrogated.

Agonist that activates the µ-opioid receptor in acidified microenvironments inhibits colitis pain without side effects.

Objective: The effectiveness of µ-opioid receptor (MOPr) agonists for treatment of visceral pain is compromised by constipation, respiratory depression, sedation and addiction. We investigated whether a fentanyl analogue, (±)-N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N-phenyl propionamide (NFEPP), which preferentially activates MOPr in acidified diseased tissues, would inhibit pain in a preclinical model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without side effects in healthy tissues.

Design: Antinociceptive actions of NFEPP and fentanyl were compared in control mice and mice with dextran sodium sulfate colitis by measuring visceromotor responses to colorectal distension.

Perceptions of strategies to facilitate caring for patients in primary health care clinics.

Background: Caring in nursing helps patients feel better, whilst the absence of caring will affect patients psychologically, emotionally and physically.

Aim: The aim of this article was to explore and describe primary health care (PHC) professional nurses' and PHC nurse managers' perceptions of the developed strategies to facilitate effective caring for patients in PHC clinics.

Setting: This study was conducted in two PHC clinics in Ekurhuleni, an area east of the Gauteng province, South Africa.

Clinical Outcomes With Abemaciclib After Prior CDK4/6 Inhibitor Progression in Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Experience.

Background: Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) are widely used as first-line therapy for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (HR+ MBC). Although abemaciclib monotherapy is also FDA-approved for treatment of disease progression on endocrine therapy, there is limited insight into the clinical activity of abemaciclib after progression on prior CDK4/6i.

Patients And Methods: We identified patients with HR+ MBC from 6 cancer centers in the United States who received abemaciclib after disease progression on prior CDK4/6i, and abstracted clinical features, outcomes, toxicity, and predictive biomarkers.

CYP2D6 genotype and reduced codeine analgesic effect in real-world clinical practice.

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) O-demethylates codeine to the active drug, morphine. However, the utility of testing for CYP2D6 metabolizer status in patients receiving codeine in real-world clinical practice is poorly defined. Using data from a DNA bank linked to de-identified electronic health records, we studied 157 patients with a baseline pain score higher than 4 (0-10 scale) who received codeine.

Phenotype Definition for "Resisters" to Infection in the Literature-A Review and Recommendations.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide problem. Despite the high disease rate, not all who are infected with () develop disease. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) specific T cell immune assays such as Quantiferon and Elispot, as well as a skin hypersensitivity test, known as a tuberculin skin test, are widely used to infer infection.

DDIWAS: High-throughput electronic health record-based screening of drug-drug interactions.

Objective: We developed and evaluated Drug-Drug Interaction Wide Association Study (DDIWAS). This novel method detects potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by leveraging data from the electronic health record (EHR) allergy list.

Materials And Methods: To identify potential DDIs, DDIWAS scans for drug pairs that are frequently documented together on the allergy list.

Age-related laryngoscopic visual acuity.

Background: Endotracheal intubation by direct laryngoscopy is a mainstay of advanced airway management performed both in the prehospital environment and in the Emergency Department. Many factors may affect the quality of view during direct laryngoscopy, one of them being the visual acuity (VA) of the intubator under these demanding conditions. While some individual variation in VA is to be expected in younger populations, VA naturally deteriorates in older populations particularly beyond the age of 40 years.

The Aftermath of Trauma and Abuse and the Impact on Family: A Narrative Literature Review.

The present narrative review examined quantitative and qualitative research on family members who support survivors of trauma or abuse. Studies included in the present review were found in peer-reviewed journal articles, available in English, published between 1980 and 2019, and focused specifically on the experiences of adult familial supporters of adult trauma and abuse survivors. A search of PsychInfo and Google Scholar identified 136 relevant articles, and analysis of their content generated the following categories: individual-level impacts (i.

Ovariectomy Improves Metabolic and Oxidative Stress Marker Disruption in Androgenized Rats: Possible Approach to Postmenopausal Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

This study aims to evaluate metabolic and oxidative stress markers in a postmenopausal rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Wistar rats were divided in four groups: control ovariectomized (OVX;  = 9), control SHAM ( = 9), androgenized OVX ( = 10), and androgenized SHAM ( = 10). Female rats were androgenized during the neonatal period and compared with controls.

HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 controls bacterial growth and modulates macrophage signaling during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Rationale: Host-directed therapeutics for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) offer potential strategies for combatting antibiotic resistance and for killing non-replicating bacilli. Phenylbutyrate, a partially selective histone-deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was previously shown to control Mtb growth and alter macrophage inflammatory pathways at 2-4 mM concentrations.

Objective: To identify a more potent and selective HDAC inhibitor that modulates macrophage responses to mycobacteria and has direct antibacterial effects against Mtb.

Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles and Assessment of Short-Term Storage Stability on Serum Iron, Ferritin, and Transferrin.

Background: Most errors in the laboratory occur due to processes related to the pre-analytical phase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on serum iron, transferrin, and ferritin, as well as the impact of short-term storage on the stability of these analytes.

Methods: Serum samples from ten volunteers were submitted to three consecutive freeze-thaw cycles at -20°C and -80°C.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation projections and observed evolution, May-August, 2020.

Objective: To describe the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) projections for the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil and the Brazilian states, present their accuracy and discuss their implications.

Methods: The IHME projections from May to August 2020 for Brazil and selected states were compared with the ensuing reported number of cumulative deaths.

Results: The pandemic was projected to cause 182,809 deaths by December 1, 2020 in Brazil.

Temporarily switching from oral to intravenous selexipag in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic results from an open-label, phase III study.

Background: The oral IP receptor agonist selexipag is approved for the long-term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Treatment interruptions should be avoided due to the progressive nature of the disease. An intravenous (IV) formulation of selexipag was developed to provide a treatment option for short-term interruptions to oral selexipag.

Soil biota increase the likelihood for coexistence among competing plant species.

Theory predicts that stable species coexistence will occur when population growth rates of competitively dominant species are suppressed when at high conspecific density. Although there is now compelling evidence that plant communities exhibit negative density dependence, the relative importance of the underlying processes leading to these patterns is rarely tested. We coupled reciprocal greenhouse and field experiments with community dynamics modeling to untangle the relative importance of soil biota from competition as stabilizing forces to coexistence.

Methylome-wide Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Marks Associated With Resistance to Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals From East Africa.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most deadly infectious disease globally and is highly prevalent in the developing world. For individuals infected with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the risk of active TB is 10% or more annually. Previously, we identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) a region on chromosome 5 associated with resistance to TB, which included epigenetic marks that could influence gene regulation.

Plasma miRNAs improve the prediction of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are disease biomarkers. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have accelerated atherosclerosis leading to excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but traditional risk factors for cardiovascular risk stratification are inadequate. In the general population, miRNAs improve cardiovascular risk estimation beyond traditional risk factors.

Identification and characterization of four Drosophila suzukii cellularization genes and their promoters.

Background: The spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is a widespread invasive pest that causes severe economic damage to fruit crops. The early development of D. suzukii is similar to that of other Drosophilids, but the roles of individual genes must be confirmed experimentally.

A Multifunctional LNA Oligonucleotide-Based Strategy Blocks AR Expression and Transactivation Activity in PCa Cells.

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) through the activation of androgen-induced cellular proliferation genes. Thus, blocking AR-mediated transcriptional activation is expected to inhibit the growth and spread of PCa. Using tailor-made splice-switching locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides (SSOs), we successfully redirected splicing of the AR precursor (pre-)mRNA and destabilized the transcripts via the introduction of premature stop codons.