Association of Baseline Factors With Glycemic Outcomes in GRADE: A Comparative Effectiveness Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: To describe the individual and joint associations of baseline factors with glycemia, and also with differential effectiveness of medications added to metformin.

Research Design And Methods: Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) participants (with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for <10 years, on metformin, and with HbA1c 6.8-8.

Comparative Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The GRADE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the leading cause of kidney disease in the US. It is not known whether glucose-lowering medications differentially affect kidney function.

Objective: To evaluate kidney outcomes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) trial comparing 4 classes of glucose-lowering medications added to metformin for glycemic management in individuals with T2D.

Assessment of circulating insulin using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry during insulin glargine treatment in type 2 diabetes: Implications for estimating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Aim: To determine the potential impact of the cross-reactivity of insulin glargine U-100 and its metabolites on insulin sensitivity and β-cell measures in people with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we measured concentrations of endogenous insulin, glargine and its two metabolites (M1 and M2) in fasting and oral glucose tolerance test-stimulated plasma from 19 participants and fasting specimens from another 97 participants 12 months after randomization to receive the insulin glargine. The last dose of glargine was administered before 10:00 PM the night before testing.

Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes - Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Background: Data are lacking on the comparative effectiveness of commonly used glucose-lowering medications, when added to metformin, with respect to microvascular and cardiovascular disease outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We assessed the comparative effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications, added to metformin, in achieving and maintaining a glycated hemoglobin level of less than 7.0% in participants with type 2 diabetes.

Outcomes After Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Graft Repair in Professional Baseball Pitchers With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up.

Background: Rerupture of the reconstructed ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is becoming more frequent at the professional level of baseball. However, there is no literature describing outcomes after UCL graft repair.

Purpose: To evaluate rerupture rate, return to play, performance upon return, and patient-reported outcomes after a novel UCL graft repair technique.

Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) for Enhancing Nursing Education About Pressure Injury: A Pilot Evaluation Study.

Purpose: To describe results of a study evaluating a Projected Augmented Reality (P-AR) system for its potential to enhance nursing education about pressure injuries.

Design: Pilot evaluation survey.

Subjects And Setting: The sample comprised nursing students and faculty at a school of nursing in a large, Midwestern public university.

Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure Utilizing a Latarjet With Cortical Button Fixation Performed in the Lateral Position.

Shoulder instability is a commonly seen pathology. The Latarjet procedure was first described in 1954 to address recurrent instability or patients with glenoid bone loss. Since its introduction, the procedure has been widely adopted and modified, including being performed all-arthroscopically.

Is There an Association Between Authors' Conflicts of Interest and Outcomes in Clinical Studies Involving Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation?

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is an increasingly popular technique for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Because several companies have financial interests in ACI, it is important to consider possible conflicts of interest when evaluating studies reporting outcomes of ACI.

Purpose: To determine whether there is an association between authors' financial conflicts of interest and the outcomes of ACI studies.

Residual β cell function in long-term type 1 diabetes associates with reduced incidence of hypoglycemia.

BACKGROUNDWe investigated residual β cell function in Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) study participants with an average 35-year duration of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).METHODSSerum C-peptide was measured during a 4-hour mixed-meal tolerance test. Associations with metabolic outcomes and complications were explored among nonresponders (all C-peptide values after meal <0.

How has arthroscopic management of the iliopsoas evolved, and why? A survey of high-volume arthroscopic hip surgeons.

The rapid growth of hip preservation has left surgeons following trends based on limited, or even anecdotal, evidence in certain circumstances. A consensus as well as high-level research on how best to manage the iliopsoas is lacking. Arthroscopic treatment of the iliopsoas may be an example of how treatment patterns and trends can shift with limited evidence-based medicine.

BARI 2D: A Reanalysis Focusing on Cardiovascular Events.

Objective: To reanalyze the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes trial using a new composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcome to determine how best to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and stable coronary artery disease.

Patients And Methods: From January 1, 2001, to November 30, 2008, 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and angiographically proven coronary artery disease were randomly assigned to insulin-sensitizing (IS) or insulin-providing (IP) therapy and simultaneously to coronary revascularization (REV) or no or delayed REV (intensive medical therapy [MED]), with all patients receiving intensive medical treatment. The outcome of this analysis was a composite of 8 CVD events.

Early Glomerular Hyperfiltration and Long-Term Kidney Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Experience.

Background And Objectives: Glomerular hyperfiltration has been considered to be a contributing factor to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To address this issue, we analyzed GFR follow-up data on participants with type 1 diabetes undergoing I-iothalamate clearance on entry into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: This was a cohort study of DCCT participants with type 1 diabetes who underwent an I-iothalamate clearance (iGFR) at DCCT baseline.

Whole Egg Consumption Impairs Insulin Sensitivity in a Rat Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The literature regarding the relation between egg consumption and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is inconsistent and there is limited evidence pertaining to the impact of egg consumption on measures of insulin sensitivity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary whole egg on metabolic biomarkers of insulin resistance in T2D rats.

Methods: Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats ( = 12; 6 wk of age) and age-matched lean controls ( = 12) were randomly assigned to be fed a casein- or whole egg-based diet.

Prediction of cardiovascular outcomes with machine learning techniques: application to the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) study.

Background: Data derived from the Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions (CORAL) study were analyzed in an effort to employ machine learning methods to predict the composite endpoint described in the original study.

Methods: We identified 573 CORAL subjects with complete baseline data and the presence or absence of a composite endpoint for the study. These data were subjected to several models including a generalized linear (logistic-linear) model, support vector machine, decision tree, feed-forward neural network, and random forest, in an effort to attempt to predict the composite endpoint.

The education and training of future hip preservation surgeons: aggregate recommendations of high-volume surgeons.

Hip preservation is one of the fastest growing subspecialties in orthopaedic surgery. Surgical training recommendations and guidelines in this field are lacking. To survey high volume hip preservation surgeons regarding their perspectives on the current and future training of surgeons entering their field, a cross-sectional survey of 16 high-volume hip preservation surgeons was conducted to gather perspectives and opinions on the most appropriate education of future hip preservation surgeons.

Triceps Repair and Restoration of Triceps Footprint With Anchorless Suture Fixation.

Triceps tendon rupture is an uncommon yet potentially devastating injury affecting patients over a broad demographic. Surgical treatment is essential to restore upper extremity functional status, and a vast array of techniques has been implemented with different fixation devices including suture buttons, intraosseous anchors, and suture repairs. Outcomes of distal triceps tendon repair have demonstrated nearly full return of functional capacity.

Erratum: (1) Pediatric Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disorders: Risk Factors and Biomarkers.

[This corrects the article on p. 6 in vol. 28, PMID: 28439216.

Biomarkers of tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate biomarkers of renal tubulointerstitial damage and function in type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic kidney disease.

Research Design And Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study of Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study participants. Cases (N=43) had incident persistent estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.

Anti-Müllerian hormone and its relationships with subclinical cardiovascular disease and renal disease in a longitudinal cohort study of women with type 1 diabetes.

Background: Reproductive age may be a risk factor for vascular disease. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by viable ovarian follicles and reflects reproductive age. We examined whether AMH concentrations were associated with markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease among women with type 1 diabetes.

Pediatric Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disorders: Risk Factors and Biomarkers.

Obesity remains the most prevailing disorder in childhood males and females worldwide. Its high prevalence markedly predisposes children to insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and liver disorders while enhancing the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the relationship of obesity with genetic and environmental factors will be described and the underlined causes will briefly be reported.

Albuminuria Changes and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 1 Diabetes: The DCCT/EDIC Study.

Background And Objectives: In trials of people with type 2 diabetes, albuminuria reduction with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors is associated with lower risks of cardiovascular events and CKD progression. We tested whether progression or remission of microalbuminuria is associated with cardiovascular and renal risk in a well characterized cohort of type 1 diabetes.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We studied 1441 participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study.

Relationship of Albuminuria and Renal Artery Stent Outcomes: Results From the CORAL Randomized Clinical Trial (Cardiovascular Outcomes With Renal Artery Lesions).

Unlabelled: Randomized clinical trials have not shown an additional clinical benefit of renal artery stent placement over optimal medical therapy alone. However, studies of renal artery stent placement have not examined the relationship of albuminuria and treatment group outcomes. The CORAL study (Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic Lesions) is a prospective clinical trial of 947 participants with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis randomized to optimal medical therapy with or without renal artery stent which showed no treatment differences (3(5.

Thyroid function, reduced kidney function and incident chronic kidney disease in a community-based population: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Background: Reduced kidney function is a common public health problem that increases risk for a wide variety of adverse outcomes, making the identification of potentially modifiable factors associated with the development of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) important. Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis have been linked to reduced kidney function, but the association of thyroid function with the development of incident CKD is largely uncharacterized.

Methods: Concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were quantified in 12 785 black and white participants of the ongoing community-based prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.