Unearthing the secrets of Australia's most enigmatic and cryptic mammal, the marsupial mole.

The marsupial moles are arguably Australia's most enigmatic marsupials. Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of convergent evolution. Exploring the genome of the southern marsupial mole, we provide insights into its unusual biology.

Methoxyflurane in early analgesic therapy by ski patrol members on Swiss ski slopes - an observational cohort study.

Background: Pain therapy is an important first-response measure in the pre-clinical care of trauma patients. Injured individuals on ski slopes are usually given first aid by members of the ski patrol. The early implementation of adequate pain therapy by these paramedical rescuers can increase patient satisfaction and have a positive effect on the entire treatment process.

Evolution and Impact of Hepatitis A Epidemiology in Europe-Systematic Literature Review of the Last 20 Years.

While globally hepatitis A (hepA) infections occur in 150 million people annually, European high-income countries now have a low endemicity. However, this results in a more susceptible adult population which is prone to severe illness. To determine current epidemiological characteristics, we performed a systematic literature review to assess the severity of hepA disease in the past two decades in 11 European countries (i.

Hypomineralised second primary molars: the Würzburg concept.

Purpose: In addition to molar incisor hypomineralisation, the occurrence of enamel hypomineralisation in the primary dentition has become increasingly important in recent years. Hypomineralised second primary molar (HSPM) is defined as hypomineralisation of systemic origin affecting from one to all four second primary molars. Some years ago, the "Würzburg concept" was introduced, which proposed a grading of MIH findings (MIH treatment need index) in combination with an appropriate treatment plan depending on the severity of the affected tooth.

New Insights and Perspective on Bioprosthetic Valve Fracture From Bench Testing and Computed Tomography Analysis.

Background: Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) during valve-in-valve TAVR (transcatheter aortic valve replacement) is a procedural adjunct designed to optimize the expansion of the transcatheter heart valve and reduce patient-prosthesis mismatch by using a high-pressure balloon to intentionally fracture the surgical heart valve (SHV).

Methods: We performed bench testing on 15 bioprosthetic SHV to examine the optimal balloon size and pressure for BVF. We assessed morphological changes and expansion of SHV by computed tomography angiography.

A combined cross-sectional analysis and case-control study evaluating tick-borne encephalitis vaccination coverage, disease and vaccine effectiveness in children and adolescents, Switzerland, 2005 to 2022.

BackgroundTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe, vaccine-preventable viral infection of the central nervous system. Symptoms are generally milder in children and adolescents than in adults, though severe disease does occur. A better understanding of the disease burden and duration of vaccine-mediated protection is important for vaccination recommendations.

Antioxidant theranostic copolymer-mediated reduction in oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury improves outcome in a mouse model.

Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products (LPOx) are generated and lead to secondary injury beyond the primary insult. A major limitation of current treatments is poor target engagement, which has prevented success in clinical trials. Thus, nanoparticle-based treatments have received recent attention because of their ability to increase accumulation and retention in damaged brain.

A Technique for Arthroscopic Fixation of Tibial Eminence Avulsion Fractures: A Physeal-Sparing Construct With All-Suture Anchor Bridge Fixation.

Arthroscopic or open surgical treatment is indicated for displaced tibial spine fractures to obtain anatomic reduction and restore the functionality of the anterior cruciate ligament. Numerous open and arthroscopic techniques for the treatment of tibial spine fractures have been described. The purpose of this technical note is to describe a minimally invasive arthroscopic physeal- and ligament-sparing surgical technique using knotless all-suture anchors to provide stable bridge fixation over displaced tibial spine fractures.

Impact of teaching on use of mechanical chest compression devices: a simulation-based trial.

Background: The use of mechanical chest compression devices on patients in cardiac arrest has not shown benefits in previous trials. This is surprising, given that these devices can deliver consistently high-quality chest compressions without interruption. It is possible that this discrepancy is due to the no-flow time (NFT) during the application of the device.

Preprocedural Computed Tomography Planning for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Selection of transcatheter valve size using preprocedural computed tomography (CT) is standardized and well established. However, valve sizing for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is currently performed intraoperatively by using sizers, which may result in variation among operators and risk for prosthesis-patient mismatch. This study evaluated the usefulness of CT annulus measurement for SAVR valve sizing.

NewickTreeModifier: A simple web tool to prune and modify Newick trees.

Large-scale selection analyses of protein-coding sequences and phylogenetic tree reconstructions require suitable trees in Newick format. We developed the NewickTreeModifier (NTM), a simple web-based tool to trim and modify Newick trees for such analyses. The users can choose provided master trees or upload a tree to prune it to selected species available in FASTA, NEXUS, or PHYLIP sequence format with an internal converter, a simple species list, or directly determined from a checklist interface of the master trees.

[Depression, anxiety, stress, and social support: a cross-sectional study with caregivers of visually impaired children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - Views-QoL Study].

We aimed to identify the reports of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of children without visual impairment, with low vision, and with blindness and their relationship with the degree of social, emotional, material, and affective support. This cross-sectional and multicenter study was conducted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire was applied to obtain caregivers' sociodemographic and economic data.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of European Healthcare Professionals towards Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B Vaccination in at-Risk Adults.

Despite the occurrence of several hepatitis A (hepA) and hepatitis B (hepB) outbreaks in Europe in the last few decades, not all European countries have implemented hepA and hepB vaccinations in their national immunization programs, especially for adults at risk for hepA and/or hepB infection, such as men who have sex with men or patients with chronic liver disease. Currently, little is known on the attitudes of European healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards hepA and hepB vaccinations for at-risk adults. We conducted an online survey among HCPs in Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom to assess their awareness of and adherence to their national hepA and hepB vaccination guidelines for at-risk adults.

Update of the molar incisor hypomineralization: Würzburg concept.

Purpose: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is playing an increasingly important role in dental practice. MIH is defined as hypomineralization of systemic origin of one to four permanent first molars, often associated with affected incisors. Affected teeth are more susceptible to caries and post-eruptive enamel loss and should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible.

Influenza: seasonality and travel-related considerations.

Rationale For Review: This review aims to summarize the transmission patterns of influenza, its seasonality in different parts of the globe, air travel- and cruise ship-related influenza infections and interventions to reduce transmission.

Key Findings: The seasonality of influenza varies globally, with peak periods occurring mainly between October and April in the northern hemisphere (NH) and between April and October in the southern hemisphere (SH) in temperate climate zones. However, influenza seasonality is significantly more variable in the tropics.

Travel vaccines-priorities determined by incidence and impact.

Background: Infectious disease epidemiology is continuously shifting. While travel has been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and travel-related epidemiological research experienced a pause, further shifts in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) relevant for travellers have occurred.

Methods: We conducted a literature search on the epidemiology of travel-related VPD and synthesized data for each disease with a focus on symptomatic cases and on the impact of the respective infection among travellers, considering the hospitalization rate, disease sequela and case fatality rate.

An updated Barnes maze protocol for assessing the outcome of controlled cortical impact mouse models of traumatic brain injury.

Background: The Barnes Maze (BM) is a common method of testing cognitive deficits in rodents. Adapting BM protocols for specific neurological disorders could potentially aid in more effective testing, reduce research time, and help decrease variability between studies.

New Method: We tested differences an updated, shortened BM consisting of 6 days, 3 trials per day, only covering the equivalent of the spatial acquisition week BM protocol and a probe trial day consisting of one trial (7 total days).

Norovirus acute gastroenteritis amongst US and European travellers to areas of moderate to high risk of travellers' diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major medical condition for travellers worldwide, particularly travellers to low- and middle-income countries. Norovirus (NoV) is the most common cause of viral AGE in older children and adults, but data on prevalence and impact amongst travellers is limited.

Methods: Prospective, multi-site, observational cohort study conducted 2015-2017, amongst adult international travellers from the US and Europe to areas of moderate to high risk of travel-acquired AGE.