Concussion education in medical students studying in Scotland: an assessment of knowledge and future needs.

Background: Physicians play a key role in ensuring athletes with concussion safely return to sport. Research has shown deficiencies in concussion education amongst physicians and medical students. However, studies have not previously been conducted in UK medical schools.

Rugby Health and Well-Being Study: protocol for a UK-wide survey with health data cross-validation.

Introduction: Rugby football (Union and League) provides physical activity (PA) with related physical and mental health benefits. However, as a collision sport, rugby research and media coverage predominantly focus on injuries in elite players while the overall impact on health and well-being remains unclear. This study aims to provide a greater understanding of the risks and benefits of rugby participation in a diverse sample of men and women, current and former rugby Union and League players from recreational to the elite level of play.

Integrating sport and exercise medicine clinics into the National Health Service: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the services National Health Service (NHS)-based sport and exercise medicine (SEM) clinics can offer, and the barriers to creating and integrating SEM services into the NHS.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were undertaken to collect data from identified 'stakeholders'. Stakeholders were identified as individuals who had experience and knowledge of the speciality of SEM and the NHS.

The relationships between rugby union, and health and well-being: a scoping review.

Objective: To scope the relationships between rugby union, and health and well-being.

Design: Scoping review.

Data Sources: Published and unpublished reports of any age, identified by searching electronic databases, platforms and reference lists.

The relationships between rugby union and health: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Rugby union is played by over eight million people across the world and is considered a form of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Consequently, playing rugby may confer health benefits; however, to date, the principal focus of research has been on associated injuries and potential detrimental long-term health sequelae. This protocol outlines the methods behind studying any potential associations between rugby union and both physical and mental health.

Concussion knowledge and experience among Welsh amateur rugby union coaches and referees.

Background: Rugby union is a collision sport where participants are at high risk of sustaining a concussion. In settings where there is little qualified medical supervision, certain stakeholders (eg, coaches and officials) should possess sufficient knowledge in regard to the recognition and management of concussion.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and experience of various aspects of concussion among coaches and referees involved in Welsh amateur rugby union.

An observational study of spectators' step counts and reasons for attending a professional golf tournament in Scotland.

Background: Spectators at several hundred golf tournaments on six continents worldwide may gain health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) during their time at the event. This study aims to investigate spectators' reasons for attending and assess spectator physical activity (PA) (measured by step count).

Methods: Spectators at the Paul Lawrie Matchplay event in Scotland (August 2016) were invited to take part in this study.